University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 14;10(1):2651. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10546-w.
Eusociality has convergently evolved multiple times, but the genomic basis of caste-based division of labor and degree to which independent origins of eusociality have utilized common genes remain largely unknown. Here we characterize caste-specific transcriptomic profiles across development and adult body segments from pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) and honey bees (Apis mellifera), representing two independent origins of eusociality. We identify a substantial shared core of genes upregulated in the abdomens of queen ants and honey bees that also tends to be upregulated in mated female flies, suggesting that these genes are part of a conserved insect reproductive groundplan. Outside of this shared groundplan, few genes are differentially expressed in common. Instead, the majority of the thousands of caste-associated genes are plastically expressed, rapidly evolving, and relatively evolutionarily young. These results emphasize that the recruitment of both highly conserved and lineage-specific genes underlie the convergent evolution of novel traits such as eusociality.
社会性已多次趋同进化，但基于种姓的劳动分工的基因组基础以及社会性独立起源在多大程度上利用了共同基因在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们描述了法老蚁（Monomorium pharaonis）和蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的发育和成年身体部位的特定种姓转录组图谱，这两个物种代表了社会性的两个独立起源。我们发现了一个在蚁后和蜜蜂腹部中上调的大量共同核心基因，这些基因在交配后的雌性蝇中也倾向于上调，这表明这些基因是保守的昆虫生殖基础的一部分。除了这个共同的基础之外，很少有基因是共同差异表达的。相反，数千个与种姓相关的基因中的大多数是可塑性表达的，快速进化的，并且相对较年轻。这些结果强调了高度保守和谱系特异性基因的募集是社会性等新特征趋同进化的基础。
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