J Phys Act Health. 2019 Aug 1;16(8):667-676. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0341.
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are prescribed programs to tackle physical inactivity and associated noncommunicable disease. Inconsistencies in reporting, recording, and delivering ERS make it challenging to identify what works, why, and for whom.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided this narrative review of reviews. Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews of ERS. Inclusion criteria and quality assessed through A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Data on uptake, attendance, and adherence were extracted.
Eleven reviews met inclusion criteria. AMSTAR quality was medium. Uptake ranged between 35% and 81%. Groups more likely to take up ERS included (1) females and (2) older adults. Attendance ranged from 12% to 49%. Men were more likely to attend ERS. Effect of medical diagnosis upon uptake and attendance was inconsistent. Exercises prescribed were unreported; therefore, adherence to exercise prescriptions was unreported. The influence of theoretically informed approaches on uptake, attendance, and adherence was generally lacking; however, self-determination, peer support, and supervision were reported as influencing attendance.
There was insufficient reporting across studies about uptake, attendance, and adherence. Complex interventions such as ERS require consistent definitions, recording, and reporting of these key facets, but this is not evident from the existing literature.
运动推荐计划（ERS）是针对身体活动不足和相关非传染性疾病的规定方案。ERS 在报告、记录和提供方面的不一致性使得确定哪些方案有效、为何有效以及对哪些人有效变得具有挑战性。
本综述评价采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行指导。电子数据库搜索了ERS 的系统评价。通过评估系统评价的测量工具（AMSTAR）进行纳入标准和质量评估。提取了关于参与度、出席率和依从性的数据。
有 11 篇综述符合纳入标准。AMSTAR 质量为中等。参与度范围在 35%至 81%之间。更有可能参与 ERS 的群体包括（1）女性和（2）老年人。出席率从 12%到 49%不等。男性更有可能参加 ERS。医学诊断对参与度和出席率的影响不一致。未报告所开的运动处方，因此也未报告对运动处方的依从性。在很大程度上缺乏理论上有依据的方法对参与度、出席率和依从性的影响；然而，据报道，自我决定、同伴支持和监督会影响出席率。
现有研究在参与度、出席率和依从性方面的报告不够充分。ERS 等复杂干预措施需要对这些关键方面进行一致的定义、记录和报告，但现有文献并未体现这一点。
