Xu Xianzhen, Cao Dan, Liu Jin, Gao Jun, Wang Xiaoyi
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Oct;57:185-192. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.024. Epub 2019 May 22.
Crude oil demulsification and dehydration are important links in the process of crude oil exploitation, transportation, and refining. In recent years, with the development of crude oil exploitation, the content of colloid and asphaltene in crude oil has been increasing, and the properties of crude oil emulsion have become more stable. In addition, the development and application of oil recovery technology and the use of a large number of oilfield chemicals have made the composition of crude oil more complicated. The water content and salt content of oil produced fluid increase year by year, which aggravates the task of crude oil dehydration and desalination. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the demulsification and dehydration of crude oil. In this paper. Research on ultrasound-assisted demulsification/dehydration for crude oil in investigated. Results indicate that the demulsification effect varies with the increase of ultrasonic radiation time, but the difference is not significant; with the increase of temperature, the effect of ultrasonic on the demulsification of crude oil emulsion is decreased, or the advantages of ultrasonic can be fully displayed only at low temperature; ultrasonic power has a critical value, when it is lower than this critical value, ultrasonic wave acts as demulsifying agent, and with the increase of power, dehydration rate of the crude oil emulsion increases; when higher than the critical value, the separated oil and water can be re-emulsified; ultrasonic demulsification can both shorten settling time and reduce the amount of demulsifier; ultrasound is suitable for demulsification and dehydration of crude oil emulsions with high water content. Results also prove that chemical demulsifier has a better effect for crude oil demulsification /dehydration than that of ultrasonic treatment alone. In addition, recent progress on ultrasonic demulsification equipment is introduced. The purpose of this paper is to offer equipment and technical support for crude oil demulsification/ dehydration.
原油破乳脱水是原油开采、运输和炼制过程中的重要环节。近年来，随着原油开采的发展，原油中胶体和沥青质的含量不断增加，原油乳液的性质变得更加稳定。此外，采油技术的发展应用以及大量油田化学剂的使用，使得原油的组成更加复杂。采出液的含水量和含盐量逐年增加，这加剧了原油脱水脱盐的任务。因此，研究原油破乳脱水尤为重要。本文对原油超声辅助破乳脱水进行了研究。结果表明，破乳效果随超声辐射时间的增加而变化，但差异不显著；随着温度的升高，超声对原油乳液破乳的效果降低，或者超声的优势仅在低温下才能充分显现；超声功率存在一个临界值，当低于该临界值时，超声波起到破乳剂的作用，随着功率的增加，原油乳液的脱水率提高；当高于临界值时，分离出的油和水会重新乳化；超声破乳既能缩短沉降时间，又能减少破乳剂用量；超声适用于高含水量原油乳液的破乳脱水。结果还证明，化学破乳剂对原油破乳脱水的效果优于单独的超声处理。此外，介绍了超声破乳设备的最新进展。本文旨在为原油破乳脱水提供设备和技术支持。
