Rutherford Alex, Lupu Yonatan, Cebrian Manuel, Rahwan Iyad, LeVeck Brad L, Garcia-Herranz Manuel
UNICEF Office of Innovation, New York, NY, USA.
George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
Nat Hum Behav. 2018 Aug;2(8):592-599. doi: 10.1038/s41562-018-0382-8. Epub 2018 Aug 6.
Constitutions help define domestic political orders, but are known to be influenced by international mechanisms that are normative, temporal and network based. Here we introduce the concept of the 'provision space'-the set of all legal provisions existing across the world's constitutions, which grows over time. We make use of techniques from network science and information retrieval to quantify and compare temporal and network effects on constitutional change, which have been the focus of previous work. Furthermore, we propose that hierarchical effects-a set of mechanisms by which the adoption of certain constitutional provisions leads to or facilitates the adoption of additional provisions-are also crucial. These hierarchical mechanisms appear to play an important role in the emergence of new political rights, and may therefore provide a useful roadmap for advocates of those rights.
宪法有助于界定国内政治秩序，但众所周知，它会受到基于规范、时间和网络的国际机制的影响。在此，我们引入“条款空间”的概念——即世界各国宪法中所有现有法律条款的集合，它会随着时间的推移而增长。我们运用网络科学和信息检索技术，对以往研究重点关注的宪法变革的时间和网络效应进行量化和比较。此外，我们提出层级效应——即某些宪法条款的采用会导致或促进其他条款的采用的一系列机制——也至关重要。这些层级机制似乎在新政治权利的出现过程中发挥着重要作用，因此可能为这些权利的倡导者提供一条有用的路线图。
