College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 17;20(12):2946. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122946.
Plant cells are separated by cellulose cell walls that impede direct cell-to-cell contact. In order to facilitate intercellular communication, plant cells develop unique cell-wall-spanning structures termed plasmodesmata (PD). PD are membranous channels that link the cytoplasm, plasma membranes, and endoplasmic reticulum of adjacent cells to provide cytoplasmic and membrane continuity for molecular trafficking. PD play important roles for the development and physiology of all plants. The structure and function of PD in the plant cell walls are highly dynamic and tightly regulated. Despite their importance, plasmodesmata are among the few plant cell organelles that remain poorly understood. The molecular properties of PD seem largely elusive or speculative. In this review, we firstly describe the general PD structure and its protein composition. We then discuss the recent progress in identification and characterization of PD-associated plant cell-wall proteins that regulate PD function, with particular emphasis on callose metabolizing and binding proteins, and protein kinases targeted to and around PD.
植物细胞被纤维素细胞壁隔开，这阻碍了细胞间的直接接触。为了促进细胞间的通讯，植物细胞会形成独特的细胞壁贯穿结构，称为胞间连丝（PD）。PD 是膜通道，将相邻细胞的细胞质、质膜和内质网连接起来，为分子运输提供细胞质和膜的连续性。PD 对所有植物的发育和生理都很重要。PD 在植物细胞壁中的结构和功能是高度动态和严格调控的。尽管它们很重要，但胞间连丝是少数几个仍未被充分了解的植物细胞器之一。PD 的分子特性似乎在很大程度上难以捉摸或推测。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了 PD 的一般结构及其蛋白质组成。然后，我们讨论了最近在鉴定和表征调节 PD 功能的 PD 相关植物细胞壁蛋白方面的进展，特别强调了分解和结合 callose 的蛋白，以及靶向 PD 的蛋白激酶。
