The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomed Sci. 2019 Jun 19;26(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0542-9.
Oncolytic virotherapy has currently emerged as a promising approach upon which scientists have been able to induce tumor-specific cell death in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Paramyxoviruses represent intrinsic oncolytic capability, which makes them excellent candidates to be widely used in oncolytic virotherapy. The mechanisms through which these viruses destroy the cancerous cells involve triggering the autophagic machinery and apoptosis in target cells. Interestingly, oncolytic paramyxoviruses have been found to induce autophagy and lead to tumor cells death rather than their survival. Indeed, the induction of autophagy has been revealed to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the activation of autophagy-related immunogenic cell death (ICD). Subsequent cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) through the MHC-I complex to CD8+ T cells results in the productive priming of the tumor-specific immune response. In this review, we first briefly discuss autophagy and explain the process of viral xenophagy. Finally, we focus on the interactions between virus and autophagy proteins, elaborating on the global preclinical studies on oncolytic paramyxoviruses.
溶瘤病毒治疗目前已成为一种很有前途的方法，科学家们已经能够在广泛的恶性肿瘤中诱导肿瘤特异性细胞死亡。副粘病毒具有内在的溶瘤能力，这使它们成为溶瘤病毒治疗的理想候选药物。这些病毒破坏癌细胞的机制涉及触发靶细胞中的自噬机制和细胞凋亡。有趣的是，溶瘤副粘病毒已被发现能诱导自噬并导致肿瘤细胞死亡，而不是存活。事实上，自噬的诱导已被证明通过释放损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）和激活自噬相关免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）来增强肿瘤细胞的免疫原性。随后，通过 MHC-I 复合物将肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）交叉呈递给 CD8+T 细胞，导致针对肿瘤的特异性免疫反应的有效启动。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要讨论自噬，并解释病毒异噬的过程。最后，我们专注于病毒与自噬蛋白之间的相互作用，详细阐述了溶瘤副粘病毒的全球临床前研究。
