Li Chunjiang, Yamagishi Noriko, Yoshikawa Nobuyuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;2028:273-288. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9635-3_16.
The apple latent spherical virus (ALSV), originally isolated from an apple tree in Japan, is a small spherical virus with a diameter of 25 nm and comprises a bisegmented, single-stranded RNA genome (RNA1 and RNA2) and three different capsid proteins (Vp25, Vp20, and Vp24). The virus can experimentally infect a broad range of plants including, not only model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana species) but also economically important crops such as cucumber, soybean, tomato, fruit trees, and flowers. ALSV has been used as an effective plant virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to assess gene functions because the virus infects most of the host plants without showing any symptoms and induces a uniform knockout phenotype in infected plants. Moreover, the VIGS persists throughout plant growth in infected plants. Here, we show that genetically engineered ALSV vectors (ALSV vaccines) containing a partial genome sequence of pathogenic viruses display a high degree of cross-protection against the challenge inoculation of the corresponding pathogenic viruses. Treatment effects can also be expected in virus-infected plants by subsequent inoculation with ALSV vaccine.
苹果潜隐球形病毒（ALSV）最初从日本的一棵苹果树上分离得到，是一种直径为25纳米的小球形病毒，由双分体单链RNA基因组（RNA1和RNA2）和三种不同的衣壳蛋白（Vp25、Vp20和Vp24）组成。该病毒能够通过实验感染多种植物，不仅包括模式植物（拟南芥和烟草属植物），还包括黄瓜、大豆、番茄、果树和花卉等具有重要经济价值的作物。由于该病毒能感染大多数宿主植物且不表现出任何症状，并在受感染植物中诱导出一致的基因敲除表型，ALSV已被用作一种有效的植物病毒载体，用于病毒诱导的基因沉默（VIGS）以评估基因功能。此外，VIGS在受感染植物的整个生长过程中持续存在。在此，我们表明，含有致病病毒部分基因组序列的基因工程ALSV载体（ALSV疫苗）对相应致病病毒的挑战接种表现出高度的交叉保护作用。通过随后接种ALSV疫苗，在病毒感染的植物中也有望产生治疗效果。
