Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
Environ Int. 2019 Sep;130:104920. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104920. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is closely associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Urine metabolites can be used as a non-invasive means to explore biological mechanisms for such associations, yet has not been performed in relation to different sizes of PM. In this randomized crossover study, we used metabolomics approach to explore the urine biomarkers linked with cardiovascular effects after PM exposure in a subway environment.
Thirty-nine subjects were exposed to PM for 4 h in subway system, with either a respirator intervention phase (RIP) with facemask and no intervention phase (NIP) in random order with a 2-week washout period. Electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) were monitored during the whole riding period and urine samples were collected for metabolomics analysis. After exposure to PM for 4 h in subway system, 4 urine metabolites in male and 7 urine metabolites in female were screened out by UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS-based metabolomics approach. Cardiovascular parameters (HRV and HR) predominantly decreased in response to all size-fractions of PM and were more sensitive in response to different size-fractioned PM in males than females. Besides LF/HF, most of the HRV indices decrease induced by the increase of all size-fractioned PM while PM was found as the most influential one on indicators of cardiovascular effects and urine metabolites both genders. Prolyl-arginine and 8-OHdG were found to have opposing role regards to HRV and HR in male.
Our data indicated that short-term exposure to PM in a subway environment may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as affect urine metabolites in a size dependent manner (besides PM), and male were more prone to trigger the cardiovascular events than female after exposure to PM; whereas wearing facemask could effectively reduce the adverse effects caused by PM.
环境细颗粒物（PM）与心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率密切相关。尿液代谢物可用作探索此类关联的生物学机制的非侵入性手段，但尚未针对不同大小的 PM 进行研究。在这项随机交叉研究中，我们使用代谢组学方法来探索在地铁环境中暴露于 PM 后与心血管效应相关的尿液生物标志物。
39 名受试者在地铁系统中暴露于 PM 4 小时，随机进行带面罩的呼吸防护器干预阶段（RIP）和无干预阶段（NIP），洗脱期为 2 周。在整个乘车期间监测心电图（ECG）参数和动态血压（BP），并收集尿液样本进行代谢组学分析。在地铁系统中暴露于 PM 4 小时后，通过 UPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS 代谢组学方法筛选出男性中的 4 种尿液代谢物和女性中的 7 种尿液代谢物。心血管参数（HRV 和 HR）主要因所有大小分级的 PM 而降低，且在男性中对不同大小分级的 PM 的反应更为敏感。除 LF/HF 外，所有大小分级的 PM 增加引起的大多数 HRV 指数降低，而 PM 是影响两性心血管效应和尿液代谢物的最具影响力的因素。脯氨酰-精氨酸和 8-OHdG 在男性中对 HRV 和 HR 具有相反的作用。
我们的数据表明，短期暴露于地铁环境中的 PM 可能会增加心血管疾病的风险，并以大小依赖的方式影响尿液代谢物（除 PM 外），且男性在暴露于 PM 后比女性更容易引发心血管事件；而佩戴面罩可有效降低 PM 造成的不良影响。
