Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
Veterinary practitioner, 97100 Ragusa, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2019 Sep;102(9):7717-7722. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16656. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
The aim of the present study was to determine if space allocation influenced the concentration of biomolecules in buffalo milk and dairy products. Intensively housed buffaloes (n = 96) were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to days in milk, parity, and milk yield: group S10 had a space allocation of 10 m per buffalo and group S15 had a space allocation of 15 m per buffalo. Individual milk yield was recorded daily. Twice a month, a bulk milk sample was collected for each group, as well as whey, ricotta, and mozzarella cheese, to assess cheese yield and to conduct HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, milk antioxidant activity, and cell viability analyses. We tested milk extracts from the 2 groups in vitro to evaluate their efficacy in counteracting endothelial oxidative damage induced by high glucose. We evaluated reproductive function in 28 buffaloes from each group using the Ovsynch-timed artificial insemination program. We observed no differences in milk quantity or quality in terms of fat, protein, or lactose, and reproductive function did not differ between the 2 groups. Compared with group S10, group S15 had higher concentrations of carnitine (56.7 ± 1.1 vs. 39.8 ± 0.7 mg/L in milk and 40.9 ± 0.8 vs. 31.7 ± 0.7 mg/L in whey), acetyl-l-carnitine (51.9 ± 0.3 vs. 39.7 ± 0.7 mg/L in milk and 41.1 ± 1.7 vs. 28.7 ± 2.6 mg/L in whey), propionyl-l-carnitine (34.8 ± 1.0 vs. 21.0 ± 0.9 mg/L in milk and 26.9 ± 0.8 vs. 17.6 ± 1.2 mg/L in whey), glycine betaine (23.1 ± 1.9 vs. 13.5 ± 1.6 mg/L in milk and 10.7 ± 0.4 vs. 7.9 ± 0.5 mg/L in whey), and δ-valerobetaine (24.2 ± 0.5 vs. 16.7 ± 0.5 mg/L in milk and 22.0 ± 0.9 vs. 15.5 ± 0.7 mg/L in whey). Group S15 also had higher total antioxidant activity than group S10 (56.7 ± 1.9 vs. 46.4 ± 1.13 mM Trolox equivalents). Co-incubation of high-glucose-treated endothelial cells with milk extracts from group S15 improved cell viability compared with cells treated with high glucose only; it also reduced intracellular lipid peroxidation (144.3 ± 0.4 vs. 177.5 ± 1.9%), reactive oxygen species (141.3 ± 0.9 vs. 189.3 ± 4.7 optical density units), and cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Greater space allocation was associated with higher levels of biomolecules in buffalo milk. This could have been the result of improved welfare in buffaloes that were allocated more space.
本研究旨在确定空间分配是否会影响水牛乳和乳制品中生物分子的浓度。根据泌乳天数、胎次和产奶量，将 96 头密集饲养的水牛随机分为 2 组：S10 组的空间分配为每头水牛 10 平方米，S15 组的空间分配为每头水牛 15 平方米。每日记录个体产奶量。每月两次，为每组收集一批牛奶样本、乳清、乳清干酪和马苏里拉奶酪，以评估奶酪产量，并进行高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱、牛奶抗氧化活性和细胞活力分析。我们在体外测试了来自这两组的牛奶提取物，以评估其对抗高葡萄糖诱导的内皮氧化损伤的功效。我们使用 Ovsynch 定时人工授精程序评估了每组 28 头水牛的生殖功能。我们观察到两组在牛奶数量和质量方面没有差异，脂肪、蛋白质或乳糖没有差异，两组的生殖功能也没有差异。与 S10 组相比，S15 组牛奶和乳清中的肉碱（56.7±1.1 与 39.8±0.7 mg/L 和 40.9±0.8 与 31.7±0.7 mg/L）、乙酰肉碱（51.9±0.3 与 39.7±0.7 mg/L 和 41.1±1.7 与 28.7±2.6 mg/L）、丙酰肉碱（34.8±1.0 与 21.0±0.9 mg/L 和 26.9±0.8 与 17.6±1.2 mg/L）、甘氨酸甜菜碱（23.1±1.9 与 13.5±1.6 mg/L 和 10.7±0.4 与 7.9±0.5 mg/L）和 δ-缬氨酸甜菜碱（24.2±0.5 与 16.7±0.5 mg/L 和 22.0±0.9 与 15.5±0.7 mg/L）浓度更高。S15 组的总抗氧化活性也高于 S10 组（56.7±1.9 与 46.4±1.13 mM Trolox 当量）。与仅用高葡萄糖处理的内皮细胞相比，用 S15 组牛奶提取物共培养可提高细胞活力；它还降低了细胞内脂质过氧化（144.3±0.4 与 177.5±1.9%）、活性氧（141.3±0.9 与 189.3±4.7 光密度单位）和细胞因子释放（肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-1β、IL-6）。水牛的空间分配越大，牛奶中的生物分子水平就越高。这可能是由于分配更多空间提高了水牛的福利水平。
