Global Engagement Platform, Ankara, Turkey.
Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
Public Health. 2019 Jul;172:146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 Jun 22.
Turkey is a principal destination and transit country for refugees from diverse countries. Turkey currently hosts Syrian refugees and provides free access to shelter, education and health care. The aim of this study is to determine the health needs and document the healthcare services available to Syrian refugees in Turkey.
Literature review.
An examination of the scientific literature, reports and government policies about refugees in Turkey was performed. In addition, literature focussing on the understanding and development of the healthcare needs and systems in crisis situations in Turkey was analysed.
The Turkish government has made several regulations for Syrian refugees, which allow them to benefit from emergency care units and primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare centres in Turkey's 81 provinces free of charge; the financial costs of these benefits are covered by the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. Effectiveness of healthcare services for refugees is limited by language barriers, mobility of the refugees and some legal restrictions. Mental health and rehabilitation services are relatively weak because of the inadequate number of qualified practitioners.
The current migration rules in Turkey do not enable refugees to access all human rights. Because the number of refugees has increased, there has been a subsequent increase in the financial and human resources needed for healthcare services. Multidynamic refugee-friendly systems, the provision of preventive health care (including primary and secondary prevention opportunities) and increasing the number of national and international organisations may help improve the health of refugees.
土耳其是来自不同国家的难民的主要目的地和过境国。土耳其目前收容叙利亚难民，并提供免费的住所、教育和医疗服务。本研究旨在确定难民的健康需求，并记录土耳其为叙利亚难民提供的医疗保健服务。
文献回顾。
对有关土耳其难民的科学文献、报告和政府政策进行了审查。此外，还分析了有关在土耳其危机情况下了解和发展医疗保健需求和系统的文献。
土耳其政府为叙利亚难民制定了几项规定，允许他们免费享受土耳其 81 个省的急救单位以及初级、中级和三级医疗中心的医疗服务；这些福利的财务费用由灾害和应急管理局承担。由于语言障碍、难民的流动性和一些法律限制，医疗服务的有效性受到限制。由于合格从业人员人数不足，心理健康和康复服务相对薄弱。
土耳其目前的移民规定使难民无法享有所有人权。由于难民人数增加，医疗服务所需的财政和人力资源也随之增加。建立多方面的难民友好型系统、提供预防性医疗保健（包括初级和二级预防机会）以及增加国内外组织的数量，可能有助于改善难民的健康状况。
