Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a rare and often lethal condition, associated with trauma or surgery. It is more serious than a typical fat embolism seen after a fracture in a long bone. FES is a triad of symtoms, including respiratory failure, abnormal neurology and petechial bleeding. FES is a diagnosis of exclusion. The incidence of FES is higher among adults compared to children. One possible explanation for this is the greater proportion of fat in the adult bone marrow. Children with Duchennes muscular dystrophy have a significantly increased risk of FES compared to both other children and adults. There is no specific treatment. Treatment is supportive until the respiratory and cardiovasculatory symtoms pass.