College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
PLoS One. 2019 Jun 26;14(6):e0218622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218622. eCollection 2019.
The considerably high evapotranspiration and the low leaching fraction of the soil in arid regions are likely the primary causes of the enhanced soil salinity in such regions. Winter irrigation has proven to be very effective for promoting the leaching of salts from the rooting-zone. In this study, we investigated the effects of different irrigation methods (flood irrigation and drip irrigation) and winter irrigation quotas (450, 1350, 2250, 3150, 4050, and 4950 m3/hm2) on soil salinity and plant growth in an arid region. The sum of ECe in the 0-100 cm soil layer was 56.26-29.32 ms/cm under flood irrigation, 61.37-17.90 ms/cm under drip irrigation, and 64.13 ms/cm under no irrigation. The survival rates of jujube trees reached 65% and 77%, respectively, for drip irrigation and flood irrigation with a quota of 2250 m3/hm2. Furthermore, at irrigation quotas in excess of 3150 m3/hm2 the ground diameter and height of jujube trees were significantly greater than those observed under nonwinter irrigation and several other winter irrigation treatments. These findings indicated that winter irrigation significantly reduced soil salinity, changed the soil salt distribution, created a good environment for the growth of jujube trees and improved the survival rate of young jujube trees, especially under winter drip irrigation with a quota of 3150 m3/hm2. In addition, 1-year-old jujube trees emerging in spring may benefit from an ECe lower than 5 ms/cm.
在干旱地区，较高的蒸散量和较低的土壤淋洗率可能是导致土壤盐分增加的主要原因。冬季灌溉已被证明非常有效，可以促进盐分从根区淋洗出来。在这项研究中，我们研究了不同灌溉方式（漫灌和滴灌）和冬季灌溉定额（450、1350、2250、3150、4050 和 4950m3/hm2）对干旱地区土壤盐分和植物生长的影响。在漫灌下，0-100cm 土层中 ECe 的总和为 56.26-29.32ms/cm，在滴灌下为 61.37-17.90ms/cm，在不灌溉下为 64.13ms/cm。在滴灌和 2250m3/hm2 的定额下，枣树的成活率分别达到了 65%和 77%。此外，在灌溉定额超过 3150m3/hm2 时，枣树的地径和高度明显大于非冬季灌溉和其他几种冬季灌溉处理。这些发现表明，冬季灌溉显著降低了土壤盐分，改变了土壤盐分分布，为枣树生长创造了良好的环境，提高了枣树的成活率，特别是在冬季滴灌定额为 3150m3/hm2 的情况下。此外，春季新出现的 1 年生枣树可能受益于 ECe 低于 5ms/cm。
