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自闭症谱系障碍中运动困难与互动人类运动感知受损有关:一项初步研究。

Motor difficulties are associated with impaired perception of interactive human movement in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study.

机构信息

a School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University , Victoria , Australia.

b Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong , Victoria , Australia.

出版信息

J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2019 Oct;41(8):856-874. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1634181. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Abstract

: The ability to accurately perceive human movement is fundamental to social functioning and known to be influenced by one's own motor skills. In Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is ongoing debate about whether human movement perception is impaired. Given that motor skills vary considerably among these individuals, it may be that human movement perception is differentially affected as a function of motor proficiency. The aim of the current study was, thus, to explore whether individuals with ASD and motor difficulties differ in the way they visually attend to and perceive human movement. : Three groups of children aged 6 to 14 completed the study: an ASD group motor difficulties (ASD), an ASD group motor difficulties (ASD), and a typically-developing control group (TD). All participants ( = 31) underwent eye-tracking while they viewed communicative interactions performed by two point-light actors. Primary analyses considered group differences in perceptual accuracy and gaze patterns. : Results revealed poorer perceptual accuracy in the ASD group compared to the ASD and TD groups. Both ASD groups also exhibited gaze anomalies. Unlike the ASD and TD groups who preferentially allocated their gaze to the actor initiating the interaction, the ASD group gazed at both actors equally. In contrast, the ASD group shifted their gaze between the actors more frequently than the other groups. : These preliminary findings suggest that individuals with ASD and co-occurring motor difficulties employ an atypical attentional style that may hinder accurate human movement perception, whereas those without motor difficulties may employ a compensatory attentional style that facilitates typical perception. Improving our understanding of how attention and perception are affected across the ASD spectrum has the potential to provide insight into the mechanisms that underlie the core social deficits that define this disorder.

摘要

准确感知人类运动的能力是社交功能的基础,并且已知会受到自身运动技能的影响。在自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)中,人们一直在争论是否存在人类运动感知障碍。鉴于这些个体的运动技能差异很大,人类运动感知可能会因运动熟练程度的不同而受到不同的影响。因此,本研究的目的是探讨运动困难的 ASD 个体与运动正常的 ASD 个体和对照组个体在视觉注意和感知人类运动的方式上是否存在差异。

三组年龄在 6 至 14 岁的儿童完成了这项研究:一组是有运动困难的 ASD 儿童(ASD),一组是有运动困难的 ASD 儿童(ASD),一组是发育正常的对照组儿童(TD)。所有参与者(n=31)在观看两个光点演员进行交流互动时都进行了眼动追踪。主要分析考虑了感知准确性和注视模式的组间差异。

结果显示,与 ASD 和 TD 组相比,ASD 组的感知准确性较差。两个 ASD 组都表现出注视异常。与 ASD 和 TD 组不同,他们优先将目光投向发起互动的演员,而 ASD 组则平等地注视着两个演员。相比之下,ASD 组比其他两组更频繁地在演员之间转移目光。

这些初步发现表明,患有 ASD 且伴有运动困难的个体采用了一种非典型的注意力模式,这可能会阻碍对人类运动的准确感知,而没有运动困难的个体则可能采用了一种代偿性的注意力模式,从而促进了典型的感知。深入了解 ASD 谱系中注意力和感知是如何受到影响的,有可能深入了解构成这种障碍的核心社交缺陷的潜在机制。

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