Mitzner Tracy L, Chen Tiffany L, Kemp Charles C, Rogers Wendy A
Georgia Institute of Technology.
Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2011 Sep;55(1):152-156. doi: 10.1177/1071181311551032. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
As the older adult population grows and becomes more diverse, so will their needs and preferences for living environments. Many adults over 65 years of age require assistance in their living environment (Administration on Aging, 2009), however it is important for their feelings of well-being that the assistance does not restrict their autonomy (e.g., Barkay & Tabak, 2002). Moreover, autonomy enhancement may improve older adults' functionality (e.g., Greiner et al., 1996). This paper provides an overview of older adults' diverse living situations and an assessment of their needs for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) when living in the community or in a long-term care residence, such as assisted living or skilled nursing. We also examine older adults' residential mobility patterns to understand potential unmet needs for assistance. This needs assessment highlights the specific areas that could benefit from human factors interventions to support older adults in making choice-driven decisions about where they live.
随着老年人口的增长以及人口构成日益多样化，他们对生活环境的需求和偏好也会相应变化。许多65岁以上的老年人在生活环境方面需要帮助（老年事务管理局，2009年），然而，为了他们的幸福感，这种帮助不应限制他们的自主权，这一点很重要（例如，巴尔凯和塔巴克，2002年）。此外，增强自主权可能会改善老年人的功能状况（例如，格雷纳等人，1996年）。本文概述了老年人多样的生活状况，并评估了他们在社区生活或长期护理机构（如辅助生活设施或专业护理机构）中生活时，在日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）方面的协助需求。我们还研究了老年人的居住迁移模式，以了解潜在的未得到满足的协助需求。这项需求评估突出了一些特定领域，这些领域可受益于人为因素干预措施，以支持老年人在居住地点方面做出基于选择的决策。
