Lewis J, Bailey C R
KCL School of Medicine, London, UK.
Department of Anaesthetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
J Perioper Pract. 2020 Jun;30(6):170-175. doi: 10.1177/1750458919854885. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Dexmedetomidine is an α2 adrenoreceptor agonist that may be administered by the intranasal route as a sole sedative agent in children. It is odourless, colourless and tasteless and is formulated in a concentration of 100µg.ml. We performed a review of published randomised controlled trials in order to determine the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children. Fourteen trials were eligible for inclusion in the review and contained a total of 1809 patients ranging in age from one month to 14 years. Intranasal dexmedetomidine was administered in a dose range of 1-4µg.kg and was compared with various other sedatives. Dexmedetomidine was administered by either drops or a mucosal atomiser device. The procedures ranged from non-painful examinations such as magnetic resonance imaging scans and transthoracic echocardiography to painful procedures such as dentistry and venous cannulation. Administration of 2µg.kg appears to be the optimal dose.
右美托咪定是一种α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂，可经鼻内给药，作为儿童唯一的镇静剂。它无味、无色、无臭，制剂浓度为100µg/ml。我们对已发表的随机对照试验进行了综述，以确定鼻内给予右美托咪定对儿童镇静的疗效。14项试验符合纳入综述的标准，共纳入1809例年龄从1个月至14岁的患者。鼻内给予右美托咪定的剂量范围为1-4µg/kg，并与其他各种镇静剂进行比较。右美托咪定通过滴鼻或黏膜雾化器装置给药。这些操作范围从非疼痛性检查，如磁共振成像扫描和经胸超声心动图，到疼痛性操作，如牙科治疗和静脉置管。给予2µg/kg似乎是最佳剂量。
