Roth Michael, Rakers Leah
AORN J. 2019 Jul;110(1):11-26. doi: 10.1002/aorn.12726.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a method used to warn the surgeon of impending neurological damage while it can still be corrected, ideally preventing a permanent neurological deficit in the surgical patient. It was originally used in neurosurgery, but now also applies to other surgical specialties. Comprehensive monitoring of a patient's neurological status requires using a variety of approaches. The IONM tests most frequently used in the OR are somatosensory evoked potentials; transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials; electromyography, including cranial nerve monitoring; and electroencephalography. With its increased use during a variety of operative and other invasive procedures, most perioperative nurses will be exposed to IONM at some point in their careers. This article provides perioperative nurses with a basic understanding of IONM, including the framework, purpose, associated terminology, and nursing implications.
术中神经监测（IONM）是一种用于在神经损伤仍可纠正时向外科医生发出警告的方法，理想情况下可防止手术患者出现永久性神经功能缺损。它最初用于神经外科手术，但现在也适用于其他外科专科。对患者神经状态进行全面监测需要采用多种方法。手术室中最常用的IONM测试包括体感诱发电位；经颅电运动诱发电位；肌电图，包括颅神经监测；以及脑电图。随着其在各种手术和其他侵入性操作中的使用增加，大多数围手术期护士在其职业生涯中的某个时候都会接触到IONM。本文为围手术期护士提供了对IONM的基本了解，包括其框架、目的、相关术语以及护理要点。
