管乐器的一种新分类：口面部相关考量

A new classification of wind instruments: Orofacial considerations.

作者信息

Clemente Miguel, Mendes Joaquim, Moreira André, Bernardes Gilberto, Van Twillert Henk, Ferreira Afonso, Amarante José Manuel

机构信息

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.

INEGI, Labiomep, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.

出版信息

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019 Jul-Sep;9(3):268-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.06.010. Epub 2019 Jun 15.

DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.06.010

PMID:31249774

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6587030/

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Playing a wind instrument implies rhythmic jaw movements where the embouchure applies forces with different directions and intensities towards the orofacial structures. These features are relevant when comparing the differences between a clarinettist and a saxophone player embouchure, independently to the fact that both belong to the single-reed instrument group, making therefore necessary to update the actual classification.

METHODS

Lateral cephalograms were taken to single-reed, double-reed and brass instrumentalists with the purpose of analyzing the relationship of the mouthpiece and the orofacial structures.

RESULTS

The comparison of the different wind instruments showed substantial differences. Therefore the authors purpose a new classification of wind instruments: Class 1 single-reed mouthpiece, division 1- clarinet, division 2 -saxophone; Class 2 double-reed instruments, division 1- oboe, division 2- bassoon; Class 3 cup-shaped mouthpiece, division 1- trumpet and French horn, division 2- trombone and tuba; Class 4 aperture mouthpieces, division 1- flute, division 2 - transversal flute and piccolo.

CONCLUSIONS

Elements such as dental arches, teeth and lips, assume vital importance at a new nomenclature and classification of woodwind instruments that were in the past mainly classified by the type of mouthpiece and not taking into consideration its relationship with their neighboring structures.

摘要

背景/目的：吹奏管乐器需要有节奏地活动下颌，在吹奏时嘴唇会朝着口腔颌面部结构施加不同方向和强度的力。在比较单簧管演奏者和萨克斯管演奏者的吹奏方式差异时，这些特征具有重要意义，尽管两者都属于单簧类乐器，但由于这些差异，有必要更新现有的分类。

方法

对单簧、双簧和铜管乐器演奏者拍摄头颅侧位片，以分析吹嘴与口腔颌面部结构之间的关系。

结果

不同管乐器之间的比较显示出显著差异。因此，作者提出了一种新的管乐器分类：第1类单簧吹嘴，第1亚类——单簧管，第2亚类——萨克斯管；第2类双簧乐器，第1亚类——双簧管，第2亚类——大管；第3类杯形吹嘴，第1亚类——小号和法国号，第2亚类——长号和大号；第4类开口吹嘴，第1亚类——长笛，第2亚类——横笛和短笛。