Barriers and Strategies for Transition from Student to Successful Hospital Pharmacist.

BACKGROUND

Many health care professionals experience a process of transition when entering the workforce. Various barriers have been documented in the literature, including a lack of confidence, challenging interactions with patients and colleagues, workload, increased responsibility, and a fear of making mistakes. Strategies to overcome these barriers, such as orientation and support programs, have been proposed. However, evidence for the transition of students into successful hospital pharmacists is limited.

OBJECTIVES

To identify key barriers to the transition from student to successful hospital pharmacist and to outline strategies to overcome these barriers.

METHODS

An electronic survey was distributed to Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services (LMPS) pharmacists, and subsequent one-on-one interviews were completed with a subgroup of new pharmacists.

RESULTS

A total of 137 LMPS pharmacists (about 32% of potential respondents) responded to the survey, and 3 of these also participated in an interview. A performance score (used to quantify the transition experience) was calculated for 113 respondents, and there was a correlation between performance score and role satisfaction ( = 0.550, < 0.001). Performance score was also correlated with years spent working as a hospital pharmacist ( = 0.333, < 0.001) and with highest level of pharmacy education ( = 0.210, = 0.026). Work in a specialty area and presence of an orientation program were additional factors associated with higher average performance scores. The greatest need for transitional support was during the first year of work, with trainers and social supports being identified as the most helpful resources. Various perspectives were offered during the interviews, with multiple barriers and strategies proposed.

CONCLUSIONS

Among respondents to this survey, the key barriers faced during the transition from student to successful hospital pharmacist were limited time working as a hospital pharmacist, lack of additional pharmacy education, lack of knowledge, rotation among multiple areas, uncertainty about role identity, and limited university preparation. Given that successful transition is associated with subsequent job satisfaction, workplace strategies such as limiting the number of practice areas, developing an orientation program, and providing continued support during the first year of work should be encouraged.