Gasc J M, Baulieu E E
Communications Hormonales, INSERM U33, Faculté de Médecine, Bicêtre, France.
Endocrinology. 1988 Apr;122(4):1357-65. doi: 10.1210/endo-122-4-1357.
An antibody (IgG-RB) against the chick oviduct progesterone receptor (PR) was used to study the regulation of PR by estrogen in chicken pituitary and hypothalamus. PR was revealed exclusively in cell nuclei, whatever the hormonal state, including the absence of progesterone. In immature untreated chickens, PR was not detected in the pars distalis, while the pars tuberalis, preoptic area, and infundibular region of hypothalamus showed IgG-RB-immunoreactive cells or neurons. Estrogenic stimulation induced the appearance of PR in cells of the pars distalis and increased the immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of young chickens of both sexes. After hormonal withdrawal, PR immunostaining returned to the level in untreated immature animals. In young hens, before they laid the first egg, PR appears progressively in pars distalis cells during the pubertal period. Antibodies to pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, GH, PRL, and ACTH) were used to characterize the secretory properties of PR-containing cells. LH- and FSH-immunoreactive cells were localized throughout the pars distalis in untreated animals. After estradiol treatment of young sexually immature chickens, immunostaining of LH and FSH was strongly reduced, up to extinction, in many gonadotropic cells, and only few PR-containing cells demonstrated some immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm. In contrast, in juvenile hens, a majority of PR-containing cells were identified as LH immunoreactive, that is gonadotrophs. There are probably two reasons for the paucity of doubly reactive cells in estradiol-treated chickens. One is technical, the optimal fixation time for both LH (greater than 20 h) and PR (less than 7 h) makes it practically impossible to reveal the hormone and the receptor at the same time. The other is related to the physiology of the system, which involves the simultaneous decrease in LH immunoreactivity and the PR induction in gonadotrophs by estradiol. The presence of PR in gonadotrophs suggests a direct feedback mechanism of sex steroids on pituitary cells in addition to the indirect effect through GnRH modulation. The hormonal content of PRL-, GH-, and ACTH-producing cells was not modified by estradiol treatment, as judged by the appropriate immunoreactivity, and their nuclei did not display PR. However, PRL cells and PR-containing cells were frequently present near each other within the same cell cords.
一种针对鸡输卵管孕酮受体（PR）的抗体（IgG-RB）被用于研究雌激素对鸡垂体和下丘脑PR的调节作用。无论激素状态如何，包括孕酮缺乏时，PR仅在细胞核中被检测到。在未处理的未成熟鸡中，远侧部未检测到PR，而结节部、视前区和下丘脑漏斗区显示有IgG-RB免疫反应性细胞或神经元。雌激素刺激诱导远侧部细胞中PR的出现，并增加了两性幼鸡下丘脑的免疫反应性。激素撤除后，PR免疫染色恢复到未处理的未成熟动物的水平。在年轻母鸡首次产蛋前，PR在青春期期间逐渐出现在远侧部细胞中。使用针对垂体激素（LH、FSH、GH、PRL和ACTH）的抗体来表征含PR细胞的分泌特性。在未处理的动物中，LH和FSH免疫反应性细胞分布于整个远侧部。对年轻的性未成熟鸡进行雌二醇处理后，许多促性腺细胞中LH和FSH的免疫染色强烈降低直至消失，只有少数含PR细胞在细胞质中显示出一些免疫反应性。相反，在幼年母鸡中，大多数含PR细胞被鉴定为LH免疫反应性，即促性腺细胞。在经雌二醇处理的鸡中双反应性细胞稀少可能有两个原因。一个是技术原因，LH（大于20小时）和PR（小于7小时）的最佳固定时间使得几乎不可能同时显示激素和受体。另一个与该系统的生理学有关，这涉及到LH免疫反应性的同时降低以及雌二醇对促性腺细胞中PR的诱导。促性腺细胞中PR的存在表明，除了通过GnRH调节产生的间接作用外，性类固醇对垂体细胞还有直接的反馈机制。根据适当的免疫反应性判断，雌二醇处理未改变催乳素、生长激素和促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞的激素含量，并且它们的细胞核未显示PR。然而，催乳素细胞和含PR细胞在同一细胞索内经常彼此相邻存在。
