When to Include a Lumbar Puncture in the Evaluation for Neonatal Sepsis.

Meningitis is a devastating infection in infants and is linked to adverse long-term outcomes. The prevalence of meningitis is variable and depends on gestational age, postnatal age, and clinical setting. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are crucial to decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality. Lumbar punctures are essential for the diagnosis of meningitis, but clinicians may defer lumbar puncture if the risk for meningitis is low or if there are substantial concerns regarding the risk associated with the procedure. Awareness of the epidemiology and microbiology of meningitis in infants, as well as valid contraindications to performing a lumbar puncture, is necessary to avoid missed diagnoses and procedure-related adverse effects.