Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Jul 1;19(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2566-9.
Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae) (RHTR) is a plant of Mexico that is traditionally used as an alternative treatment for several types of cancer. However, the phytochemical composition and potential toxicity of this plant have not been evaluated to support its therapeutic use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of RHTR against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, determine its possible acute toxicity, and analyze its phytochemical composition.
The traditional preparation was performed by decoction of stems in distilled water (aqueous extract, AE), and flavonoids were concentrated with C-cartridges and ethyl acetate (flavonoid fraction, FF). The biological activity was evaluated by MTT viability curves and the TUNEL assay in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2), ovarian epithelium (CHO-K1) and lung/bronchus epithelium (BEAS-2B) cells. The toxicological effect was determined in female BALB/c mice after 24 h and 14 days of intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg AE and FF, respectively. Later, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological observation of organs and sera obtained by retro-orbital bleeding for biochemical marker analysis. Finally, the phytochemical characterization of AE and FF was conducted by UPLC-MS.
In the MTT assays, AE and FF at 5 and 18 μg/mL decreased the viability of CACO-2 cells compared with cells treated with vehicle or normal cells (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA), with changes in cell morphology and the induction of apoptosis. Anatomical and histological analysis of organs did not reveal important pathological lesions at the time of assessment. Additionally, biochemical markers remained normal and showed no differences from those of the control group after 24 h and 14 days of treatment (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Finally, UPLC-MS analysis revealed 173 compounds in AE-RHTR, primarily flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolic acids. The most abundant compounds in AE and FF were quercetin and myricetin derivates (glycosides), methyl gallate, epigallocatechin-3-cinnamate, β-PGG, fisetin and margaric acid, which might be related to the anticancer properties of RHTR.
RHTR exhibits biological activity against cancer cells and does not present adverse toxicological effects during its in vivo administration, supporting its traditional use.
三叶漆 Rhus trilobata Nutt.（漆树科）（RHTR）是墨西哥的一种植物，传统上被用作多种癌症的替代疗法。然而，该植物的植物化学成分和潜在毒性尚未得到评估，以支持其治疗用途。因此，本研究旨在评估 RHTR 对结直肠腺癌细胞的生物活性，确定其可能的急性毒性，并分析其植物化学成分。
传统制剂是通过将茎在蒸馏水中煮沸（水提取物，AE）来制备的，并通过 C 筒和乙酸乙酯浓缩黄酮类化合物（黄酮类化合物部分，FF）。通过 MTT 活力曲线和结直肠腺癌细胞（CACO-2）、卵巢上皮细胞（CHO-K1）和肺/支气管上皮细胞（BEAS-2B）中的 TUNEL 测定评估生物活性。在腹腔内给予 200mg/kg AE 和 FF 后 24 小时和 14 天，分别在雌性 BALB/c 小鼠中测定毒性作用。之后，通过眶后采血获得血清，并对处死的动物进行器官组织病理学观察，用于生化标志物分析。最后，通过 UPLC-MS 对 AE 和 FF 的植物化学特征进行了表征。
在 MTT 测定中，与用载体或正常细胞处理的细胞相比，AE 和 FF 在 5 和 18μg/mL 时降低了 CACO-2 细胞的活力（p≤0.05，ANOVA），细胞形态发生变化并诱导细胞凋亡。在评估时，器官的解剖和组织学分析未显示出重要的病理病变。此外，在 24 小时和 14 天后的治疗后，生化标志物保持正常，与对照组无差异（p≤0.05，ANOVA）。最后，UPLC-MS 分析显示 AE-RHTR 中存在 173 种化合物，主要为类黄酮、脂肪酸和酚酸。AE 和 FF 中含量最丰富的化合物为槲皮素和杨梅素衍生物（糖苷）、甲基没食子酸、表没食子儿茶素-3-肉桂酸酯、β-PGG、非瑟酮和月桂酸，这可能与 RHTR 的抗癌特性有关。
RHTR 对癌细胞具有生物活性，并且在体内给药期间没有表现出不良的毒性作用，支持其传统用途。
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