Frynta Daniel, Peléšková Šárka, Rádlová Silvie, Janovcová Markéta, Landová Eva
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Naturwissenschaften. 2019 Jul 1;106(7-8):41. doi: 10.1007/s00114-019-1635-8.
Animals can evoke a wide range of emotions helping us to choose a quick and appropriate reaction towards them: approach or avoidance in general. This work has focused on disgust evoked by amphibians in humans as well as perceived beauty. Due to the high morphological variability of recent amphibian taxa, we examined humans' cognitive categorisation of 101 amphibian photos and the effect of stimuli characteristics on disgust evaluation or beauty perception of individual groups/species. We also explored how respondents' characteristics, e.g. gender, age and disgust sensitivity (DS-R) influence the disgust and beauty evaluation of picture stimuli on a 7-point Likert scale. The scores of disgust and beauty evaluation were strongly negatively correlated, representing the opposite ends of a single axis, further referred to as the index of preference. The most preferred amphibians belonged to anurans, whereas the least preferred ones were mostly worm-like, legless and small-eyed caecilians. Additional analyses of morphologically diverse anurans showed that species with a round body shape, short forelegs, small eyes, warts, pink and grey colouration, or dark and dull colouration were perceived as disgusting or ugly. The effect of gender and age were only marginal; however, people with higher disgust sensitivity rated amphibians as more disgusting and less beautiful, which might support the hypothesis of a possible disgust involvement in animal fears and phobias. This topic has implications not only for the nature conservation decisions of globally endangered amphibians but also for understanding the evolution of disgust and its generalisation to harmless animals.
动物能引发广泛的情感，帮助我们对它们迅速做出恰当反应：总体而言即接近或回避。这项研究聚焦于人类对两栖动物产生的厌恶以及所感知到的美感。由于近期两栖动物分类群的形态差异很大，我们研究了人类对101张两栖动物照片的认知分类，以及刺激特征对各个类群/物种的厌恶评价或美感认知的影响。我们还探究了受访者的特征，如性别、年龄和厌恶敏感性（DS-R）如何在7点李克特量表上影响对图片刺激的厌恶和美感评价。厌恶评价和美感评价的得分呈强烈负相关，代表单一轴的两端，进一步称为偏好指数。最受喜爱的两栖动物属于无尾目，而最不受喜爱的大多是类似蠕虫、无腿且眼睛小的蚓螈。对形态多样的无尾目动物的进一步分析表明，身体呈圆形、前腿短、眼睛小、有疣、粉色和灰色或深色且暗淡的物种被认为是令人厌恶或丑陋的。性别和年龄的影响较小；然而，厌恶敏感性较高的人认为两栖动物更令人厌恶且不那么美观，这可能支持了厌恶可能与动物恐惧和恐惧症有关的假说。这个话题不仅对全球濒危两栖动物的自然保护决策有影响，也有助于理解厌恶的进化及其向无害动物的泛化。
