Coordinate regulation of the expression of SdsR toxin and its downstream pphA gene by RyeA antitoxin in Escherichia coli.

In Escherichia coli, SdsR and RyeA, a unique pair of mutually cis-encoded small RNAs (sRNAs), act as toxin and antitoxin, respectively. SdsR and RyeA expression are reciprocally regulated; however, how each regulates the synthesis of the other remains unclear. Here, we characterized the biosynthesis of the two sRNAs during growth and investigated their coordinate regulation using sdsR and ryeA promoter mutant strains. We found that RyeA transcription occurred even upon entry of cells into the stationary phase, but its apparent expression was restricted to exponentially growing cells because of its degradation by SdsR. Likewise, the appearance of SdsR was delayed owing to its RyeA-mediated degradation. We also found that the sdsR promoter was primarily responsible for transcription of the downstream pphA gene encoding a phosphatase and that pphA mRNA was synthesized by transcriptional read-through over the sdsR terminator. Transcription from the σ-dependent ryeA promoter inhibited transcription from the σ-dependent sdsR promoter through transcriptional interference. This transcriptional inhibition also downregulated pphA expression, but RyeA itself did not downregulate pphA expression.