Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, Canada.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 5;14(7):e0219280. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219280. eCollection 2019.
Mutations in EFTUD2 are responsible for the autosomal dominant syndrome named MFDM (mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly). However, it is not clear how reduced levels of EFTUD2 cause abnormalities associated with this syndrome. To determine if the mouse can serve as a model for uncovering the etiology of abnormalities found in MFDM patients, we used in situ hybridization to characterize expression of Eftud2 during mouse development, and used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a mutant mouse line with deletion of exon 2 of the mouse gene. We found that Eftud2 was expressed throughout embryonic development, though its expression was enriched in the developing head and craniofacial regions. Additionally, Eftud2 heterozygous mutant embryos had reduced EFTUD2 mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, Eftud2 heterozygous embryos were born at the expected Mendelian frequency, and were viable and fertile despite being developmentally delayed. In contrast, Eftud2 homozygous mutant embryos were not found post-implantation but were present at the expected Mendelian frequency at embryonic day (E) 3.5. Furthermore, only wild-type and heterozygous E3.5 embryos survived ex vivo culture. Our data indicate that Eftud2 expression is enriched in the precusor of structures affected in MFDM patients and show that heterozygous mice carrying deletion of exon 2 do not model MFDM. In addition, we uncovered a requirement for normal levels of Eftud2 for survival of pre-implantation zygotes.
EFTUD2 基因突变导致常染色体显性遗传综合征,称为 MFDM(下颌面骨发育不全伴小头畸形)。然而,EFTUD2 水平降低如何导致与该综合征相关的异常尚不清楚。为了确定小鼠是否可以作为揭示 MFDM 患者异常病因的模型,我们使用原位杂交技术在小鼠发育过程中对 Eftud2 的表达进行了特征描述,并使用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术生成了一个缺失小鼠基因外显子 2 的突变小鼠系。我们发现 Eftud2 在整个胚胎发育过程中都有表达,尽管其表达在发育中的头部和颅面区域富集。此外,Eftud2 杂合突变胚胎的 EFTUD2 mRNA 和蛋白水平降低。此外,Eftud2 杂合突变胚胎以预期的孟德尔频率出生,尽管发育迟缓,但仍具有活力和生育能力。相比之下,Eftud2 纯合突变胚胎在植入后没有发现,但在胚胎第 3.5 天(E)以预期的孟德尔频率存在。此外,只有野生型和杂合型 E3.5 胚胎在体外培养中存活。我们的数据表明,Eftud2 表达在 MFDM 患者受影响结构的前体中富集,并表明携带外显子 2 缺失的杂合子小鼠不能模拟 MFDM。此外,我们发现正常水平的 Eftud2 对于植入前受精卵的存活是必需的。
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