Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 1;689:899-911. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.363. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
Although there is a growing body of literature on the environmental impacts of food, virtually none of the studies has addressed baby foods. Therefore, this work explored the life cycle environmental impacts of different ready-made baby foods, both at the level of individual meals and their combinations within a weekly menu. Twelve different meals were considered, based on baby food products available on the UK market, spanning breakfast, lunch and dessert. Menus following four different diets - omnivorous, vegetarian, pescatarian and dairy-free - were also evaluated. The results showed that, on average, lunch meals had the highest impacts and desserts the lowest. Breakfast has either intermediate (wet porridge) or low (dry porridge) impacts. Among the lunch meals, spaghetti Bolognese and salmon risotto had the highest impacts and among the desserts, strawberry, raspberry and banana as well as apple, pear and banana purees had the lowest. The key hotspots across the meals were raw materials and packaging. Meals with more meat and cream were found to have higher impacts. Manufacturing also played a significant role for global warming potential as well as depletion of fossil resources and the ozone layer due to the fossil fuels used in the process. When the impacts were analysed per mass of baby food consumed weekly, the dairy-free diet had higher impacts than the other three, but the difference among them was relatively small. The trends changed when nutritional value was taken into account, with the dairy-free diet exhibiting considerably higher impacts per unit of energy content. In that case, the pescatarian diet became the best option for most impacts. There was little difference between the omnivore and vegetarian diets. It is expected that these results will be of interest to baby food manufacturers and consumers, helping them to make more informed manufacturing and purchasing decisions.
虽然关于食品对环境的影响有越来越多的文献，但实际上没有一项研究涉及婴儿食品。因此，这项工作探讨了不同即食婴儿食品的生命周期环境影响，既包括个体餐食，也包括其在每周菜单中的组合。基于英国市场上的婴儿食品产品，考虑了 12 种不同的餐食，涵盖了早餐、午餐和甜点。还评估了遵循四种不同饮食的菜单 - 杂食、素食、鱼素和无乳饮食。结果表明，平均而言，午餐餐食的影响最大，甜点的影响最小。早餐的影响要么是中等（湿粥），要么是低（干粥）。在午餐餐中，意大利肉酱面和三文鱼烩饭的影响最大，而在甜点中，草莓、覆盆子和香蕉以及苹果、梨和香蕉泥的影响最小。各餐之间的关键热点是原材料和包装。含有更多肉和奶油的餐食被发现具有更高的影响。由于生产过程中使用的化石燃料，制造对全球变暖潜力以及化石资源和臭氧层的消耗也产生了重大影响。当按每周消耗的婴儿食品质量分析影响时，无乳饮食比其他三种饮食的影响更大，但它们之间的差异相对较小。当考虑营养价值时，趋势发生了变化，无乳饮食每单位能量含量的影响明显更高。在这种情况下，鱼素饮食成为大多数影响的最佳选择。杂食和素食饮食之间几乎没有区别。预计这些结果将引起婴儿食品制造商和消费者的兴趣，帮助他们做出更明智的制造和购买决策。
