Santambrogio Jacopo, Colmegna Fabrizia, Trotta Giulia, Cavalleri Pietro R, Clerici Massimo
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca - Fondazione AS.FRA. Onlus, Vedano al Lambro (MB).
Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Monza.
Riv Psichiatr. 2019 May-Jun;54(3):97-108. doi: 10.1708/3181.31598.
This review aims to examine the recent literature on the topic of intimate partner violence (IPV) in order to provide definitions, Italian and international prevalence data, prevalence data in special populations (such as patients with severe mental illness), investigations into risk factors (alcohol, substances, child abuse) and the consequences on general and mental health.
Free search has been used in Medline/PubMed with key words (("Mental Disorders" [Majr]) AND "Crime Victims" [Majr: NoExp]) AND (("Domestic Violence" [Majr]) OR "Intimate Partner Violence" [Majr]) and in PsychInfo with MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Victimization") AND MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Mental Disorders") AND (MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Intimate Partner Violence") OR MJSUB. EXACT.EXPLODE ("Domestic Violence")).
219 publications in PubMed (during the last 10 years) and 48 in PsychInfo concerning IPV and mental disorders; National websites (e.g. ISTAT, Office for National Statistics) have provided updated epidemiological data.
In many countries, IPV and domestic violence are subject to national surveys, but scientific research on the topic mainly involves England and the United States, in order to establish the possible correlations between IPV, mental disorders and risk factors. Alcohol and substance use disorders and childhood abuse are the most risk factors related to IPV. This type of violence is a major public health problem, also in economic terms, for its consequences on physical and mental health. The WHO in 2011 developed some guidelines for health professionals on how to respond adequately to violence from an intimate partner and to sexual violence against women.
In the light of the importance of violence between partners, the health and academic institutions have the task of framing the phenomenon in epidemiological and clinical terms, providing updated research data to the stakeholders, in order to improve the treatment and prevention practices.
本综述旨在研究近期关于亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）主题的文献，以提供定义、意大利及国际上的患病率数据、特殊人群（如严重精神疾病患者）的患病率数据、对风险因素（酒精、物质、儿童虐待）的调查以及对一般健康和心理健康的影响。
在Medline/PubMed中使用关键词（（“精神障碍”[主要主题词] AND “犯罪受害者”[主要主题词：无扩展]） AND （（“家庭暴力”[主要主题词]） OR “亲密伴侣暴力”[主要主题词]）进行自由检索，并在PsychInfo中使用MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE（“受害”） AND MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE（“精神障碍”） AND （MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE（“亲密伴侣暴力”） OR MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE（“家庭暴力”））进行检索。
PubMed中有219篇（过去10年期间）关于IPV和精神障碍的出版物，PsychInfo中有48篇；国家网站（如意大利国家统计局、英国国家统计局）提供了最新的流行病学数据。
在许多国家，IPV和家庭暴力都接受全国性调查，但关于该主题的科学研究主要集中在英国和美国，以确定IPV、精神障碍和风险因素之间可能的相关性。酒精和物质使用障碍以及童年虐待是与IPV相关的最主要风险因素。这种暴力行为也是一个重大的公共卫生问题，从经济角度来看，因其对身心健康的影响。世界卫生组织在2011年为卫生专业人员制定了一些指南，指导他们如何充分应对亲密伴侣的暴力行为以及针对妇女的性暴力行为。
鉴于伴侣间暴力行为的重要性，卫生和学术机构有责任从流行病学和临床角度对这一现象进行界定，向利益相关者提供最新的研究数据，以改善治疗和预防措施。
