Matsudo Maia, Aladio José M, Swieszkowski Sandra P, Pérez de la Hoz Ricardo A
Servicio de Unidad Coronaria, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
Servicio de Unidad Coronaria, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Instituto de Cardiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Medicina (B Aires). 2019;79(3):201-204.
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in the world, being the coronary atherosclerotic obstruction the main finding. Although 6% of all the patients had no significant coronary arteries disease on coronary angiography, defined by lumen vascular obstruction greater than 50%. This type of cases was defined by the term MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries). They are usually young women, with cardiovascular risk factors, high cardiac biomarkers with non-ST elevation in the electrocardiogram. The main etiologies are myocarditis, Takotsubo syndrome and subendocardial myocardial infarction. We present the case of a 65 years-old woman with history of hypertension and complete left bundle branch block, who was admitted to the emergency department with typical chest pain, complete left bundle branch block in the electrocardiogram, with negative Sgarbossa criteria and positive cardiac biomarkers. The echocardiography evidenced inferolateral regional wall motion abnormalities, and the coronary angiography a single non-significative lesion (40%) in the proximal segment of the circumflex artery. Cardiac magnetic resonance evidenced subendocardial late adolinium enhancement in inferolateral medial with latero-apical extension segments consistent with circumflex artery-related infarction. This case illustrates an example of MINOCA secondary to myocardial infarction with posterior spontaneous thrombolysis, in which the clinical presentation was typical, however the coronary angiography showed non obstructive lesions. Therefore, another complementary imaging methods were needed such as the cardiac magnetic resonance.
心肌梗死是全球主要的死亡原因,冠状动脉粥样硬化阻塞是主要发现。尽管在所有患者中,6%的患者在冠状动脉造影中未发现明显的冠状动脉疾病,定义为血管腔阻塞大于50%。这类病例被称为MINOCA(非阻塞性冠状动脉心肌梗死)。他们通常是年轻女性,有心血管危险因素,心脏生物标志物水平高,心电图无ST段抬高。主要病因是心肌炎、应激性心肌病和心内膜下心肌梗死。我们报告一例65岁女性患者,有高血压病史和完全性左束支传导阻滞,因典型胸痛入住急诊科,心电图显示完全性左束支传导阻滞,Sgarbossa标准阴性,心脏生物标志物阳性。超声心动图显示下外侧区域壁运动异常,冠状动脉造影显示回旋支动脉近端有一个单一的非显著性病变(40%)。心脏磁共振显示下外侧中间段心内膜下晚期钆增强,并伴有向外侧心尖延伸段,与回旋支动脉相关梗死一致。该病例说明了一例继发于心肌梗死后自发性溶栓的MINOCA,其临床表现典型,但冠状动脉造影显示为非阻塞性病变。因此,需要其他补充性成像方法,如心脏磁共振。