Properties and Reactivity of Hydroxides of Group 13 Elements In, Tl, and Nh from Molecular and Periodic DFT Calculations.

Adsorption energies, , of gaseous hydroxides of In, Tl, and the superheavy element Nh on surfaces of Teflon and gold are predicted using molecular and periodic relativistic DFT calculations. The ambition of the work is to assist related "one atom at a time" gas-phase chromatography experiments on the volatility of NhOH. The obtained low values of (MOH), where M = In, Tl, Nh, on Teflon should guarantee easy transportation of the molecules through the Teflon capillaries from the accelerator to the chemistry setup. Straightforward band-structure DFT calculations using the revPBE-D3(BJ) functional have given an (MOH) value of 161.4 kJ/mol on the Au(111) surface, being indicative of significant molecule-surface interaction. The MOH-gold surface binding is shown to take place via the oxygen atom of the hydroxide, with the oxygen-gold charge density transfer increasing from InOH to NhOH. The trend in (MOH) is shown to be InOH < TlOH < NhOH, caused by increasing molecular dipole moments and decreasing stability of the hydroxides in this row. A trend in of the atoms of these elements on gold is, however, opposite, In > Tl > Nh, caused by the increasing relativistic contraction and stabilization of the np AO with . These opposite trends in (MOH) and (M) in group 13 lead to almost equal (Nh) and (NhOH) values, making identification of Nh, as a type of species, difficult by measuring its adsorption enthalpy on gold.