Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2019 Nov;15(6):832-843. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4187. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
Global population growth will increase pressures on current food systems in order to supply adequate protein and produce to the increasingly urban world population. The environmental impact of food production is a critical area of study as it influences water and air quality, ecosystem functions, and energy consumption. Aquaponics (in which seafood and vegetables are grown in a closed-loop system) has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of food production. A review of the current environmental and economic considerations is provided in order to identify current research gaps. Research gaps exist with respect to 1) diversity of aquatic and plant species studied; 2) inconsistent bounds, scope, and lifetime across studies; 3) diverse allocation of the environmental and economic impacts to the coproducts; 4) scale of systems considered; 5) transportation of produced food; and 6) presence of heavy metals, pests, and pathogens with human health implications. These aspects require increased attention to close the existing gaps prior to widescale deployment of these systems for increased sustainable food production toward satisficing human needs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1-12. © 2019 SETAC.
全球人口增长将给当前的粮食系统带来压力，需要为不断增长的世界城市人口提供足够的蛋白质和农产品。粮食生产对环境的影响是一个关键的研究领域，因为它会影响水和空气质量、生态系统功能和能源消耗。水产养殖和水培（在封闭循环系统中养殖海鲜和蔬菜）有可能减少粮食生产对环境的影响。本文回顾了当前的环境和经济考虑因素，以确定当前的研究差距。研究差距存在于以下几个方面：1）研究的水生和植物物种多样性；2）研究之间界限、范围和寿命的不一致；3）环境和经济影响在副产物上的分配多样化；4）所考虑系统的规模；5）所生产食物的运输；以及 6）存在对人类健康有影响的重金属、害虫和病原体。这些方面需要引起更多关注，以便在这些系统得到广泛部署以增加可持续粮食生产以满足人类需求之前，缩小现有差距。综合环境评估与管理 2019；00:1-12。©2019 SETAC。
