Effects of meclofenoxate and citicholine on learning and memory in aged rats.

The maze method for active avoidance with punishment reinforcement and the step-through method for passive avoidance with negative reinforcement were used to study the processes of learning and memory in 22-month-old rats, as well as the effects of meclofenoxate (Mf) and citicholine (CCh) on these processes. Meclofenoxate, administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days using the maze-training method, increased the number of responses to the conditioned stimulus, when retention tests were made 24 hours and 7 days after training, whereas citicholine, applied in the same way in a dose of 10 mg/kg, shortened the latency of the responses with reinforcement during the training and increased the number of correct responses to the conditioned stimulus in retention tests 7 days after the training. With the same pattern of administration, both Mf and CCh strongly prolonged the time spent by the animals in the light chamber (i.e., improved retention) in tests using the step-through method 24 hours and 7 days after the training. Both drugs prevented the occurrence of scopolamine-induced (2 mg/kg i.p.) amnesia. A comparison of the results obtained for 22-month-old rats with the results obtained in earlier experiments on 5-month-old rats under fully identical experimental conditions showed that the age-dependent differences in the memory process and in the effects on it of the psychotropic agents meclofenoxate and citicholine were not unidirectional in character.