Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France.
Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France; Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France.
Trends Neurosci. 2019 Aug;42(8):518-527. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including those involving intellectual disability, are characterized by abnormalities in formation and functions of synaptic circuits. Traditionally, research on synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission in health and disease focused on neurons, however, a growing number of studies have highlighted the role of astrocytes in this context. Tight structural and functional interactions of astrocytes and synapses indeed play important roles in brain functions, and the repertoire of astroglial regulations of synaptic circuits is large and complex. Recently, genetic studies of intellectual disabilities have underscored potential contributions of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Here we review how alterations of astrocyte functions in disease may interfere with neuronal excitability and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission during development, and contribute to intellectual disabilities.
神经发育障碍，包括智力障碍，其特征在于突触回路的形成和功能异常。传统上，健康和疾病中的突触发生和突触传递的研究主要集中在神经元上，然而，越来越多的研究强调了星形胶质细胞在这方面的作用。星形胶质细胞与突触的紧密结构和功能相互作用确实在大脑功能中发挥着重要作用，而星形胶质细胞对突触回路的调节范围广泛且复杂。最近，智力障碍的遗传研究强调了星形胶质细胞在这些疾病病理生理学中的潜在作用。在这里，我们回顾了疾病中天 形胶质细胞功能的改变如何干扰发育过程中神经元的兴奋性以及兴奋性和抑制性传递的平衡，并导致智力障碍。
