Peacock Candace E, Hayes Taylor R, Henderson John M
Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Jul;198:102889. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102889. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
In real-world vision, humans prioritize the most relevant visual information at the expense of other information via attentional selection. The current study sought to understand the role of semantic features and image features on attentional selection during free viewing of real-world scenes. We compared the ability of meaning maps generated from ratings of isolated, context-free image patches and saliency maps generated from the Graph-Based Visual Saliency model to predict the spatial distribution of attention in scenes as measured by eye movements. Additionally, we introduce new contextualized meaning maps in which scene patches were rated based upon how informative or recognizable they were in the context of the scene from which they derived. We found that both context-free and contextualized meaning explained significantly more of the overall variance in the spatial distribution of attention than image salience. Furthermore, meaning explained early attention to a significantly greater extent than image salience, contrary to predictions of the 'saliency first' hypothesis. Finally, both context-free and contextualized meaning predicted attention equivalently. These results support theories in which meaning plays a dominant role in attentional guidance during free viewing of real-world scenes.
在现实世界的视觉中，人类通过注意力选择优先处理最相关的视觉信息，而忽略其他信息。当前的研究旨在了解语义特征和图像特征在自由观看现实世界场景时对注意力选择的作用。我们比较了从孤立的、无上下文的图像块评分生成的意义地图和基于图的视觉显著性模型生成的显著性地图预测由眼动测量的场景中注意力空间分布的能力。此外，我们引入了新的情境化意义地图，其中场景块是根据它们在所属场景中的信息性或可识别性进行评分的。我们发现，无上下文和情境化的意义比图像显著性能显著解释更多注意力空间分布的总体方差。此外，与“显著性优先”假设的预测相反，意义比图像显著性能在更大程度上解释早期注意力。最后，无上下文和情境化的意义对注意力的预测效果相当。这些结果支持了这样的理论，即在自由观看现实世界场景时，意义在注意力引导中起主导作用。
