马来西亚私立医疗保健部门中药品行业药品价格申报与零售价格之间的关联。
Association between medicine Price declaration by pharmaceutical industries and retail prices in Malaysia's private healthcare sector.
作者信息
Ahmad Nur Sufiza, Hatah Ernieda, Makmor-Bakry Mohd
机构信息
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2Pharmaceutical Services Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 46350 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia.
出版信息
J Pharm Policy Pract. 2019 Jul 3;12:15. doi: 10.1186/s40545-019-0176-z. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
As part of the initiatives to increase price transparency for consumers, pharmaceutical industry in Malaysia have been encouraged to declare the wholesale and recommended retail prices (RRP) of medicines to the Pharmaceutical Service Department (PSD) yearly. However, the relationship between the voluntary price reporting practices and consumers' retail medicine price is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the voluntary price reporting practice of pharmaceutical industry on retail medicine prices, factors that may affect consumer medicine prices in Malaysia's private healthcare sector, and the retail medicine pricing trend over 2011-2015.
METHODS
A yearly correlation test for a 5-year period was performed to investigate the association between the wholesale and RRP medicine prices declared by the pharmaceutical industry from 2011 to 2015 on the one hand and the consumer wholesale and retail medicine price database on the other hand. The median price ratio (MPR) was calculated by comparing the consumer retail medicine price to its international reference price. The Krukal Wallis test was used to analyse the pricing trend throughout the 5-year period, and factors that might elevate the MPR above 2.5 were modelled using binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
A total of 2527 medicine price data were analysed. There was a strong significant association between medicine prices declared to the PSD and the retail medicine prices in every year of the 5-year period. Moreover, there was no significant increase in retail medicine prices throughout the 5-year period. The medicine types, retail location, type of manufacturer, medicinal indications, declared wholesale and RRPs significantly influenced the consumer MPRs that where > 2.5.
CONCLUSION
The declared medicine price was found to have a significant association with the consumer retail medicine price. Thus, it may be a useful reference for consumers purchasing medicines in private healthcare settings. However, the government of Malaysia must develop strategies to increase medicine price transparency for price-control mechanisms in the private healthcare sector.
背景
作为提高消费者价格透明度举措的一部分，马来西亚制药行业被鼓励每年向药品服务部（PSD）申报药品的批发价和建议零售价（RRP）。然而，自愿价格申报做法与消费者零售药品价格之间的关系尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在评估制药行业自愿价格申报做法对零售药品价格的影响、可能影响马来西亚私立医疗保健部门消费者药品价格的因素以及2011 - 2015年期间零售药品定价趋势。
方法
进行了为期5年的年度相关性测试，以调查一方面制药行业在2011年至2015年申报的药品批发价和RRP与另一方面消费者批发和零售药品价格数据库之间的关联。通过将消费者零售药品价格与其国际参考价格进行比较来计算中位数价格比（MPR）。使用Krukal Wallis检验分析整个5年期间的定价趋势，并使用二元逻辑回归对可能使MPR高于2.5的因素进行建模。
结果
共分析了2527个药品价格数据。在5年期间的每一年，向PSD申报的药品价格与零售药品价格之间都存在强烈的显著关联。此外，在整个5年期间零售药品价格没有显著上涨。药品类型、零售地点、制造商类型、药用适应症、申报的批发价和RRP对消费者MPR（> 2.5）有显著影响。
结论
发现申报的药品价格与消费者零售药品价格有显著关联。因此，它可能是消费者在私立医疗保健环境中购买药品的有用参考。然而，马来西亚政府必须制定战略，以提高私立医疗保健部门价格控制机制的药品价格透明度。
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