School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brennan MacCallum Bldg (A18), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Brennan MacCallum Bldg (A18), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2019 Aug;72:101754. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Attentional Control Theory (ACT) (Eysenck & Derakshan, 2011) proposes that attention control (AC) deficits are central to the development of anxiety. This meta-analysis investigated the size and nature of AC deficits in anxious compared to non-anxious participants. We made the following hypotheses based on ACT: i) anxiety-related AC deficits occur in the AC components of inhibition and switching, but not updating; ii) deficits will be more pronounced for AC efficiency (reaction times) than effectiveness (accuracy); iii) studies with high cognitive load conditions will observe greater deficits than studies with normal cognitive load; iv) age and anxiety level will moderate the effect of anxiety on AC. Fifty-eight studies (N = 8292) met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant AC deficit for high compared to low anxiety participants (Hedges' g = -0.58). Overall, results supported assumptions of ACT: anxiety produced significant deficits in AC efficiency but not effectiveness; these deficits occurred in inhibition and switching but not updating and studies with high cognitive load conditions found larger anxiety related AC deficits. Age moderated the relationship between anxiety and AC in behavioural studies and anxiety severity moderated this relationship in self-report studies. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed, and future directions for research are proposed. This meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO in 2016, Registration number: CRD42016036927.
注意控制理论（ACT）（Eysenck 和 Derakshan，2011）提出，注意控制（AC）缺陷是焦虑发展的核心。本荟萃分析调查了焦虑参与者与非焦虑参与者之间的 AC 缺陷的大小和性质。我们基于 ACT 提出了以下假设：i）与焦虑相关的 AC 缺陷发生在抑制和转换的 AC 成分中，但不是更新；ii）缺陷将在 AC 效率（反应时间）而不是有效性（准确性）方面更为明显；iii）高认知负荷条件下的研究将观察到比正常认知负荷条件下更大的缺陷；iv）年龄和焦虑水平将调节焦虑对 AC 的影响。58 项研究（N=8292）符合纳入标准。荟萃分析显示，高焦虑参与者与低焦虑参与者相比存在显著的 AC 缺陷（Hedges' g=-0.58）。总体而言，结果支持 ACT 的假设：焦虑导致 AC 效率显著下降，但不影响有效性；这些缺陷发生在抑制和转换中，但不在更新中，高认知负荷条件下的研究发现更大的与焦虑相关的 AC 缺陷。年龄调节了行为研究中焦虑与 AC 之间的关系，焦虑严重程度调节了自我报告研究中这种关系。讨论了结果的理论意义，并提出了未来的研究方向。这项荟萃分析已于 2016 年在 PROSPERO 中注册，注册号：CRD42016036927。
