尼古丁与精神病之间的关系。
The relationship between nicotine and psychosis.
作者信息
Quigley Harriet, MacCabe James H
机构信息
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, SE5 8AF, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
出版信息
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jul 1;9:2045125319859969. doi: 10.1177/2045125319859969. eCollection 2019.
Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. For several decades it was assumed that the relationship could be explained by reverse causation; that smoking was secondary to the illness itself, either through self-medication or a process of institutionalization, or was entirely explained by confounding by cannabis use or social factors. However, studies have exposed that such hypotheses cannot fully explain the association, and more recently a bidirectional relationship has been proposed wherein cigarette smoking may be causally related to risk of psychosis, possibly a shared genetic liability to smoking and psychosis. We review the evidence for these candidate explanations, using findings from the latest epidemiological, neuroimaging, genetic and preclinical work.
吸烟与精神分裂症等精神障碍密切相关。几十年来，人们一直认为这种关系可以用反向因果关系来解释；即吸烟是疾病本身的次要因素，要么是通过自我治疗或制度化过程，要么完全是由大麻使用或社会因素造成的混杂所解释。然而，研究表明这些假设不能完全解释这种关联，最近有人提出了一种双向关系，即吸烟可能与精神病风险存在因果关系，可能是吸烟和精神病存在共同的遗传易感性。我们利用最新的流行病学、神经影像学、遗传学和临床前研究结果，对这些候选解释的证据进行综述。
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