Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
J Pers. 2020 Jun;88(3):430-446. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12501. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
Gratitude plays an important role in individual and social well-being. However, less is known about the link between gratitude and experiences of interpersonal stressors. The current research examined the associations between gratitude and interpersonal transgressions.
One cross-sectional study with a broad age range and two daily diary studies (total N = 2,348; total age range: 18-91) were used to test the associations on the between- and within-person level.
A consistent result across all studies was that dispositionally grateful individuals tended to report fewer interpersonal transgressions than less grateful people. In turn, people who generally reported more interpersonal transgressions were less grateful in daily life. Moreover, higher gratitude on one specific day was associated with fewer reported transgressions on the same day. However, the results from the daily diary studies indicated differences between the samples. Whereas gratitude was consistently associated with interpersonal transgressions in one daily diary sample, the findings in the second daily diary sample were less consistent.
The present findings suggest that grateful people tend to perceive their social exchanges differently and/or actually experience fewer interpersonal transgressions. Future work is needed to test the underlying mechanisms of this negative association.
感恩在个人和社会幸福感中起着重要作用。然而，人们对感恩与人际应激源体验之间的联系知之甚少。本研究考察了感恩与人际侵犯之间的关联。
使用一项具有广泛年龄范围的横断面研究和两项日常日记研究（总 N=2348；总年龄范围：18-91），在个体间和个体内水平上检验关联。
所有研究的一致结果是，性格上感恩的人比不那么感恩的人更容易报告人际侵犯较少。反过来，一般报告更多人际侵犯的人在日常生活中不太感恩。此外，特定一天的感恩程度越高，与当天报告的侵犯行为越少有关。然而，来自日常日记研究的结果表明，两个样本之间存在差异。在一个日常日记样本中，感恩与人际侵犯始终相关，而在第二个日常日记样本中，结果则不太一致。
本研究结果表明，感恩的人往往对他们的社交互动有不同的看法，或者实际上经历的人际侵犯较少。未来的工作需要检验这种负相关的潜在机制。
