Kapa Leah L, Erikson Jessie A
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Semin Speech Lang. 2019 Aug;40(4):243-255. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1692723. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Although results vary across individual studies, a large body of evidence suggests that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have domain-general deficits in executive function compared with peers with typically developing language. Poorer performance for children with DLD has been reported on verbal and nonverbal measures of sustained selective attention, working memory, inhibition, and shifting. However, examination of the variability of task scores among both children with and without DLD reveals a wide range of executive function performance for both groups. Additionally, using executive function scores to classify children into DLD versus typical groups results in classification accuracy that is not clinically useful. This evidence indicates that group-level differences in executive function abilities between children with and without DLD cannot be applied at the individual level. Many children with DLD appear to have intact executive function abilities, which undermines the possibility that poor executive functioning causes language deficits in this population. However, a substantial number of children with DLD also have executive function deficits, and, therefore, therapy approaches with this population should consider both their language and executive function abilities.
尽管各项研究结果存在差异，但大量证据表明，与语言发育正常的同龄人相比，患有发育性语言障碍（DLD）的儿童在执行功能方面存在一般性缺陷。据报道，患有DLD的儿童在持续选择性注意、工作记忆、抑制和转换的言语及非言语测量中表现较差。然而，对患有和未患有DLD的儿童的任务分数变异性进行检查发现，两组儿童的执行功能表现范围都很广。此外，使用执行功能分数将儿童分为DLD组和典型组，其分类准确性在临床上并无用处。这一证据表明，患有和未患有DLD的儿童在执行功能能力上的组间差异不能应用于个体层面。许多患有DLD的儿童似乎具有完整的执行功能能力，这削弱了执行功能差导致该人群语言缺陷的可能性。然而，相当数量的患有DLD的儿童也存在执行功能缺陷，因此，针对这一人群的治疗方法应同时考虑他们的语言和执行功能能力。
