College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
BMC Evol Biol. 2019 Jul 16;19(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1474-4.
China is an important biogeographical zone in which the genetic legacies of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods are abundant, and the contemporary geography environment plays an important role in species distribution. Therefore, many biogeographical studies have focused on the organisms of the region, especially zooplankton, which is essential in the formation of biogeographical principles. Moreover, the generality of endemism also reinforces the need for detailed regional studies of zooplankton. Bosmina, a group of cosmopolitan zooplankton, is difficult to identify by morphology, and no genetic data are available to date to assess this species complex in China. In this study, 48 waterbodies were sampled covering a large geographical and ecological range in China, the goal of this research is to explore the species distribution of Bosmina across China and to reveal the genetic information of this species complex, based on two genetic markers (a mtDNA 16S and a nuclear ITS). The diversity of taxa in the Bosmina across China was investigated using molecular tools for the first time.
Two main species were detected in 35 waterbodies: an endemic east Asia B. fatalis, and the B. longirostris that has a Holarctic distribution. B. fatalis had lower genetic polymorphism and population differentiation than B. longirostris. B. fatalis was preponderant in central and eastern China, whereas B. longirostris was dominated in western China. The third lineage (B. hagmanni) was only detected in a reservoir (CJR) of eastern China (Guangdong province). Bosmina had limited distribution on the Tibetan plateau.
This study revealed that the biogeography of Bosmina appear to be affected by historical events (Pleistocene glaciations) and contemporary environment (such as altitude, eutrophication and isolated habitat).
中国是一个重要的生物地理区，拥有丰富的第三纪和第四纪的遗传遗产，当代地理环境对物种分布起着重要作用。因此，许多生物地理研究都集中在该地区的生物，特别是浮游动物上，浮游动物在生物地理原理的形成中起着至关重要的作用。此外，特有现象的普遍性也加强了对浮游动物进行详细区域研究的必要性。广布性浮游动物真象鼻溞属（Bosmina），其形态难以识别，而且迄今为止还没有遗传数据可用于评估中国该物种复合体。本研究在中国范围内采集了 48 个水体样本，涵盖了广泛的地理和生态范围，旨在探索中国真象鼻溞属的物种分布，并基于两个遗传标记（线粒体 16S 和核 ITS）揭示该物种复合体的遗传信息。本研究首次使用分子工具研究了中国真象鼻溞属的分类多样性。
在 35 个水体中检测到两种主要物种：一种是特有东亚种 B. fatalis，另一种是分布广泛的 B. longirostris。B. fatalis 的遗传多态性和种群分化程度低于 B. longirostris。B. fatalis 在中国中东部占优势，而 B. longirostris 则在中国西部占优势。第三个谱系（B. hagmanni）仅在中国东部（广东省）的一个水库（CJR）中检测到。真象鼻溞属在青藏高原的分布有限。
本研究表明，真象鼻溞属的生物地理学似乎受到历史事件（更新世冰川作用）和当代环境（如海拔、富营养化和隔离栖息地）的影响。
