Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, U.K.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K.
Conserv Biol. 2020 Apr;34(2):395-404. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13390. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have pervasive detrimental effects on tropical forest biodiversity, but the role of the surrounding land use (i.e., matrix) in determining the severity of these impacts remains poorly understood. We surveyed bird species across an interior-edge-matrix gradient to assess the effects of matrix type on biodiversity at 49 different sites with varying levels of landscape fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest-a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot. Both area and edge effects were more pronounced in forest patches bordering pasture matrix, whereas patches bordering Eucalyptus plantation maintained compositionally similar bird communities between the edge and the interior and exhibited reduced effects of patch size. These results suggest the type of matrix in which forest fragments are situated can explain a substantial amount of the widely reported variability in biodiversity responses to forest loss and fragmentation.
生境丧失、破碎化和退化对热带森林生物多样性具有普遍的不利影响，但周围土地利用（即基质）在确定这些影响的严重程度方面的作用仍知之甚少。我们在巴西大西洋森林中进行了跨越内部-边缘-基质梯度的鸟类物种调查，以评估基质类型对 49 个不同地点生物多样性的影响，这些地点的景观破碎化程度不同。在以牧场基质为边界的森林斑块中，无论是面积还是边缘效应都更为明显，而以桉树种植园为边界的森林斑块，在边缘和内部之间保持了组成相似的鸟类群落，并且斑块大小的影响也有所减少。这些结果表明，森林斑块所处的基质类型可以解释广泛报道的生物多样性对森林丧失和破碎化的响应变化的很大一部分原因。
