Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Semin Liver Dis. 2020 Feb;40(1):70-83. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1693513. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
The unique ability of the adult liver to regenerate after injury is the basis for efficient surgical resection and liver transplantation and provides solutions for the treatment of liver cancer and acute liver failure. Current success in surgical treatments could be enhanced by directed regulation of liver regeneration. A number of small molecules and growth factors have been tested in mice models to improve liver regeneration. Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNA) are less studied regulators of various cellular processes. Here, the authors carefully review ncRNA involved in liver regeneration and discuss molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks. These ncRNAs modulate the expression of pro- and antiproliferative genes allowing to orchestrate precisely the proliferation of hepatocytes. The authors expect that ncRNA will become new targets in liver regeneration due to recent progress in therapeutic nucleic acids. Among a large number of preclinical studies on ncRNA, only a few entered clinical trials, and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.
成体肝脏在受伤后具有再生能力，这是高效进行外科切除和肝移植的基础，为肝癌和急性肝功能衰竭的治疗提供了方案。通过定向调节肝脏再生，目前的外科治疗可以取得更大的成功。许多小分子和生长因子已在小鼠模型中进行了测试，以改善肝脏再生。非编码核糖核酸（ncRNA）是各种细胞过程中研究较少的调节因子。作者在此仔细综述了参与肝脏再生的 ncRNA，并讨论了其分子机制和调控网络。这些 ncRNA 调节着促有丝分裂和抗有丝分裂基因的表达，从而能够精确地协调肝细胞的增殖。作者期望由于治疗性核酸的最新进展，ncRNA 将成为肝脏再生的新靶点。在大量关于 ncRNA 的临床前研究中，只有少数进入临床试验，还需要进一步的研究来揭示它们作为治疗靶点的潜力。
