Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases in Adults: A Study from North Eastern India.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To study the clinical profile of patients with glomerular diseases and to study pattern of glomerular diseases in adults.

METHODOLOGY

A hospital based retrospective observational study from North Eastern India that includes biopsy proven glomerular disease (GD) in adults. Patients with inadequate biopsy sampling; incomplete medical data and biopsy of transplanted kidney were excluded.

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

A total of 102 patients were included of which 25 (24.5%) were male and 77(75.5%) were female with M: F ratio of 0.32:1. The mean age of presentation was 30.6 years. Nephrotic syndrome (57.8%) was the commonest clinical diagnosis followed by acute nephritic syndrome (31.4%), unexplained AKI (5.9%), unexplained CKD with normal kidney size (2.9%) and asymptomatic urine abnormality (1.9%). On histo-pathological analysis primary GD and secondary GD was diagnosed in 46(45.1%) and 53(52.0%) respectively. Overall Lupus nephritis (LN) was found to be the commonest (41.2%) GD. Among the primary GD, MCD (11.8%) was the most frequent followed by MPGN (10.8%), Membranous Nephropathy, (5.8%), IgA nephropathy (5.8%) and Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (5.8%). Three (2.9%) patients did not have any specific diagnosis and were labelled as chronic glomerulo- nephritis..

CONCLUSIONS

As the pattern of glomerular disease varies from one region to another, the pattern of glomerular disease in the north eastern India also varies from the other regions of India. Nephrotic syndrome remains the most common indication of renal biopsy in this region similar to the other parts of India. Unlike other studies from outside North Eastern India, this study show that females are more commonly involved with majority of them having secondary GD and this is due to LN which was diagnosed as the most common GD in the present study.