Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Environ Int. 2019 Nov;132:104949. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104949. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Preliminary studies suggest that offspring to mothers living near oil and natural gas (O&G) well sites are at higher risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs).
Our objective was to address the limitations of previous studies in a new and more robust evaluation of the relationship between maternal proximity to O&G well site activities and births with CHDs.
We employed a nested case-control study of 3324 infants born in Colorado between 2005 and 2011. 187, 179, 132, and 38 singleton births with an aortic artery and valve (AAVD), pulmonary artery and valve (PAVD), conotruncal (CTD), or tricuspid valve (TVD) defect, respectively, were frequency matched 1:5 to controls on sex, maternal smoking, and race and ethnicity yielding 2860 controls. We estimated monthly intensities of O&G activity at maternal residences from three months prior to conception through the second gestational month with our intensity adjusted inverse distance weighted model. We used logistic regression models adjusted for O&G facilities other than wells, intensity of air pollution sources not associated with O&G activities, maternal age and socioeconomic status index, and infant sex and parity, to evaluate associations between CHDs and O&G activity intensity groups (low, medium, and high).
Overall, CHDs were 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) and 1.7 (1.1, 2.6) times more likely than controls in the medium and high intensity groups, respectively, compared to the low intensity group. PAVDs were 1.7 (0.93, 3.0) and 2.5 (1.1, 5.3) times more likely in the medium and high intensity groups for mothers with an address found in the second gestational month. In rural areas, AAVDs, CTDs, and TVDs were 1.8 (0.97, 3.3) and 2.6 (1.1, 6.1); 2.1 (0.96, 4.5) and 4.0 (1.4, 12); and 3.4 (0.95, 12) and 4.6 (0.81, 26) times more likely than controls in the medium and high intensity groups.
This study provides further evidence of a positive association between maternal proximity to O&G well site activities and several types of CHDs, particularly in rural areas.
初步研究表明，生活在石油和天然气（O&G）井场附近的母亲所生的子女患先天性心脏病（CHD）的风险更高。
我们的目的是在一项新的、更有力的评估中，解决先前研究的局限性，该研究评估了母亲与 O&G 井场活动的接近程度与 CHD 出生之间的关系。
我们对 2005 年至 2011 年间在科罗拉多州出生的 3324 名婴儿进行了嵌套病例对照研究。187、179、132 和 38 名分别患有主动脉瓣和瓣（AAVD）、肺动脉瓣和瓣（PAVD）、圆锥动脉干（CTD）或三尖瓣（TVD）缺陷的单胎出生与对照组进行性别、母亲吸烟和种族和民族的 1:5 频率匹配，产生 2860 名对照。我们使用我们的强度调整逆距离加权模型，从受孕前三个月到第二个妊娠月，估计母亲住所的 O&G 活动每月强度。我们使用逻辑回归模型，调整了除油井以外的 O&G 设施、与 O&G 活动无关的空气污染源的强度、母亲年龄和社会经济地位指数以及婴儿性别和胎次，以评估 CHD 与 O&G 活动强度组（低、中、高）之间的关联。
总体而言，与低强度组相比，中强度组和高强度组的 CHD 分别为对照组的 1.4（1.0，2.0）和 1.7（1.1，2.6）倍。在第二个妊娠月发现地址的母亲中，PAVD 在中强度组和高强度组的可能性分别为 1.7（0.93，3.0）和 2.5（1.1，5.3）倍。在农村地区，AAVD、CTD 和 TVD 在中强度组和高强度组中的可能性分别为 1.8（0.97，3.3）和 2.6（1.1，6.1）；2.1（0.96，4.5）和 4.0（1.4，12）；3.4（0.95，12）和 4.6（0.81，26）倍于对照组。
本研究进一步提供了母亲接近 O&G 井场活动与多种类型 CHD 之间存在正相关的证据，尤其是在农村地区。
