Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, DMMD, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Trends Genet. 2019 Nov;35(11):868-879. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
The nucleolus is the largest substructure in the nucleus and forms around the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), which comprise hundreds of rRNA genes. Recent evidence highlights further functions of the nucleolus that go beyond ribosome biogenesis. Data indicate that the nucleolus acts as a compartment for the location and regulation of repressive genomic domains and, together with the nuclear lamina, represents the hub for the organization of the inactive heterochromatin. In this review, we discuss recent findings that have revealed how nucleolar structure and rRNA gene chromatin states are regulated during early mammalian development and their contribution to the higher-order spatial organization of the genome.
核仁是细胞核中最大的亚结构，围绕着核仁组织区域（NOR）形成，NOR 包含数百个 rRNA 基因。最近的证据强调了核仁的其他功能，这些功能超出了核糖体生物发生的范围。有数据表明，核仁充当了抑制性基因组区域的位置和调控的隔室，并且与核纤层一起，代表了无活性异染色质组织的中心。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的发现，这些发现揭示了核仁结构和 rRNA 基因染色质状态如何在哺乳动物早期发育过程中受到调节，以及它们对基因组高级空间组织的贡献。
