Department of Brain and Cognition and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Brain and Cognition and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Sep;23(9):784-797. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
A hallmark of functional localization in the human brain is the presence of areas in visual cortex specialized for representing particular categories such as faces and words. Why do these areas appear where they do during development? Recent findings highlight several general factors to consider when answering this question. Experience-driven category selectivity arises in regions that have: (i) pre-existing selectivity for properties of the stimulus, (ii) are appropriately placed in the computational hierarchy of the visual system, and (iii) exhibit domain-specific patterns of connectivity to nonvisual regions. In other words, cortical location of category selectivity is constrained by what category will be represented, how it will be represented, and why the representation will be used.
人类大脑功能定位的一个标志是，视觉皮层中存在专门用于表示特定类别（如人脸和单词）的区域。那么，在发育过程中这些区域为什么会出现在特定的位置呢？最近的研究结果强调了在回答这个问题时需要考虑的几个一般因素。在具有以下特征的区域中会出现经验驱动的类别选择性：(i) 对刺激属性具有预先存在的选择性，(ii) 处于视觉系统计算层次结构中的适当位置，以及 (iii) 与非视觉区域表现出特定于领域的连接模式。换句话说，类别选择性的皮层位置受到以下因素的限制：将表示什么类别、如何表示以及为什么要表示该类别。
