Deriagina M A
Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki. 1988(3):46-59.
The different approaches to the definition of "tool-using" and "tool" are discussed. The definitions of tool-using are given, the hypotheses of the tool-using origin in phylogenesis of primates: emotional, social tradition, playing, accumulations' objects are adduced. The modern data on tool-using for catching ants and termites, for cracking palm-nuts by wild chimpanzees under natural inhabitation, population and sex differences in tool-using are given. A conclusion has been made that tool-using in apes is qualitatively new form of behaviour arising in phylogenesis of primates and demonstrating us prerequisity of tool-using of early hominids.
本文讨论了“工具使用”和“工具”定义的不同方法。给出了工具使用的定义，提出了灵长类系统发育中工具使用起源的假说：情感、社会传统、玩耍、积累的物品。给出了野生黑猩猩在自然栖息地使用工具捕捉蚂蚁和白蚁、砸开棕榈坚果的现代数据，以及工具使用中的种群和性别差异。得出的结论是，猿类的工具使用是灵长类系统发育中出现的一种全新的行为形式，向我们展示了早期人类使用工具的先决条件。
