Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics - LIM 20, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Oct;253:667-679. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.085. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
Many cities fail to meet air quality standards, which results in increased risk for pulmonary disorders, including asthma. Human and experimental studies have shown that diesel exhaust (DE) particles are associated with worsening of allergic asthma. Biodiesel (BD), a cleaner fuel from renewable sources, was introduced in the eighties. Because of the reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions, BD was expected to cause fewer adverse pulmonary effects. However, only limited data on the effect of BD emissions in asthma are available.
Determine whether BD exhaust exposure in allergic sensitized mice leads to different effects on inflammatory and functional responses compared to DE exposure.
Balb/C mice were orotracheally sensitized with House Dust Mite (HDM) or a saline solution with 3 weekly instillations. From day 9 until day 17 after sensitization, they were exposed daily to filtered air (FA), DE and BD exhaust (concentration: 600 μg/m PM). Lung function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, TNF-α, TSLP) in the BALF, peribronchiolar eosinophils and parenchymal macrophages were measured.
HDM-sensitized animals presented increased lung elastance (p = 0.046), IgG1 serum levels (p = 0.029), peribronchiolar eosinophils (p = 0.028), BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.020), eosinophils (p = 0.028), IL-5 levels (p = 0.002) and TSLP levels (p = 0.046) in BALF. DE exposure alone increased lung elastance (p = 0.000) and BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.045), whereas BD exposure alone increased BALF TSLP levels (p = 0.004). BD exposure did not influence any parameters after HDM challenge, while DE exposed animals presented increased BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.019), lymphocytes (p = 0.000), neutrophils (p = 0.040), macrophages (p = 0.034), BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.028), and macrophagic inflammation in the lung tissue (p = 0.037), as well as decreased IgG1 (p = 0.046) and IgG2 (p = 0.043) levels when compared to the HDM group.
The results indicate more adverse pulmonary effects of DE compared to BD exposure in allergic sensitized animals.
确定与 DE 暴露相比，过敏性致敏小鼠接触 BD 尾气是否会导致炎症和功能反应的不同影响。
Balb/C 小鼠经口用屋尘螨（HDM）或含 3 次滴注的生理盐水致敏。在致敏后第 9 天至第 17 天，它们每天暴露于过滤空气（FA）、DE 和 BD 尾气（浓度：600μg/m³ PM）中。测量肺功能、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞计数、BALF 中的细胞因子水平（IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17、TNF-α、TSLP）、peribronchiolar 嗜酸性粒细胞和肺实质巨噬细胞。
HDM 致敏动物的肺弹性增加（p=0.046），血清 IgG1 水平增加（p=0.029），peribronchiolar 嗜酸性粒细胞增加（p=0.028），BALF 总细胞水平增加（p=0.020），嗜酸性粒细胞（p=0.028），IL-5 水平（p=0.002）和 BALF 中的 TSLP 水平（p=0.046）。单独暴露于 DE 会增加肺弹性（p=0.000）和 BALF IL-4 水平（p=0.045），而单独暴露于 BD 会增加 BALF TSLP 水平（p=0.004）。BD 暴露后不会影响 HDM 后的任何参数，而 DE 暴露的动物 BALF 总细胞（p=0.019）、淋巴细胞（p=0.000）、中性粒细胞（p=0.040）、巨噬细胞（p=0.034）、BALF IL-4 水平（p=0.028）、肺组织中巨噬细胞炎症（p=0.037）以及 IgG1（p=0.046）和 IgG2（p=0.043）水平降低。
与过敏性致敏动物相比，DE 的结果表明 BD 暴露的肺部影响更不利。
