Wang Longlong, Stanič Samo, Eichinger William, Song Xiaoquan, Zavrtanik Marko
Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, 5270 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Jul 19;19(14):3186. doi: 10.3390/s19143186.
High temporal and spatial resolution profiling of aerosol properties is required to study air pollution sources, aerosol transport, and features of atmospheric structures over complex terrain. A polarization Raman LiDAR with remote operation capability was developed for this purpose and deployed in the Vipava Valley, Slovenia, a location in the Alpine region where high concentrations of aerosols originating from a number of different local and remote sources were found. The system employs two high-power Nd:YAG pulsed lasers at 355 nm and 1064 nm as transmitters and provides the capability to extract the extinction coefficient, backscatter coefficients, depolarization ratio, Ångström exponent, and LiDAR ratio profiles. Automatized remote operation in an indoor environment provides a high duty cycle in all weather conditions. In addition to the detailed description of the device, an assessment of its potential and the retrieval uncertainties of the measured quantities is discussed. System optimization and performance studies include calibration of the depolarization ratio, merging of near-range (analog) and far-range (photon counting) data, determination of overlap functions, and validation of the retrieved observables with radiosonde data. Two cases for assessing LiDAR performance under specific weather conditions (during rain and in the presence of mineral dust) are also presented.
为了研究空气污染来源、气溶胶传输以及复杂地形上空大气结构的特征，需要对气溶胶特性进行高时空分辨率的剖析。为此，开发了一种具有远程操作能力的偏振拉曼激光雷达，并将其部署在斯洛文尼亚的维帕瓦山谷，该地区位于阿尔卑斯山区，发现有来自多个不同本地和远程源的高浓度气溶胶。该系统采用两台355纳米和1064纳米的高功率钕钇铝石榴石脉冲激光器作为发射器，能够提取消光系数、后向散射系数、退偏比、埃斯特朗指数和激光雷达比剖面。在室内环境中的自动化远程操作在所有天气条件下都具有高占空比。除了对该设备的详细描述外，还讨论了其潜力评估以及测量量的反演不确定性。系统优化和性能研究包括退偏比校准、近程（模拟）和远程（光子计数）数据合并、重叠函数确定以及利用无线电探空仪数据对反演的可观测量进行验证。还介绍了在特定天气条件下（降雨期间和存在矿物尘埃时）评估激光雷达性能的两个案例。
