Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi 110068, India.
Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh 176001, India.
Vaccine. 2019 Aug 23;37(36):5350-5356. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.037. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
Acute gastroenteritis due to Group A rotaviruses remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children in developing countries. India introduced its indigenous rotavirus vaccine Rotavac® in 2016 and Himachal Pradesh (HP) the first state to launch it. The present study aimed to evaluate rotavirus strain diversity associated with AGE prior to vaccine introduction in HP. A total of 331 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic children hospitalized at RPGMC Tanda, HP between July-2014 and June-2016 were screened for RVA by EIA. Rotavirus RNA was extracted by TRIZOL method and analyzed by RNA-PAGE. G/P typing was performed using semi-nested multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. Rotavirus was detected in 45% (n = 149/331) of diarrheic children, with highest rate observed in the 6-11 months age group (47%). Vomiting was found more frequently associated with RV-infection. Among G-types, G12 was found most prevalent (33.1%) followed by G1 (28.4%), G9 (12.2%), G2 (9.5%), G3 (3.4%) and G10 (2.7%). G4 (0.7%) strains were rarely detected. Among P-types, P[6] was the most prevalent (40.5%) followed by P[8] (29.1%) and P[4] (14.2%). Of note, genotypes G3 and P[11] were detected for the first time in HP. Among G/P combinations, G12P[6] was most prevalent (30.4%) followed by G1P[8] (20.3%), G2P[4] (4.7%), G1P[6] (3.4%) and G3P[8] (2.7%). Interestingly, our study observed high percentage of unusual strains (14.2%) namely G9P[4], G2P[6], G2P[8], G12P[4] and G1P[11]. The regionally common strains G3P[6], G4P[6], G9P[6], G9P[8], G10P[6], G10P[8] and G12P[8] strains were very rarely detected. Of interest, RNA migration pattern of G1P[8] was DS-1 like and genomic heterogeneity was observed within G12P[4] strains with both long and short electropherotypes. Our study highlights rich genetic diversity with emergence of rare rotavirus strains circulating in HP and provides baseline data prior to Rotavac® introduction that will help to gauge the impact of the Rotavac® vaccine in HP.
轮状病毒 A 组引起的急性肠胃炎仍然是发展中国家儿童死亡和发病的主要原因。印度于 2016 年推出了本土轮状病毒疫苗 Rotavac®，而 Himachal Pradesh（HP）是第一个推出该疫苗的邦。本研究旨在评估 HP 引入疫苗前与 AGE 相关的轮状病毒株多样性。
2014 年 7 月至 2016 年 6 月，从 HP 的 RPGMC Tanda 医院住院的腹泻儿童中采集了 331 份粪便标本，通过 EIA 检测 RV。采用 TRIZOL 法提取轮状病毒 RNA，并用 RNA-PAGE 进行分析。采用半嵌套多重逆转录酶 PCR 进行 G/P 型分析。在 331 份腹泻儿童粪便标本中检测到轮状病毒 45%（n=149/331），其中 6-11 个月龄儿童的检出率最高（47%）。呕吐与 RV 感染的相关性更高。在 G 型中，G12 最为常见（33.1%），其次是 G1（28.4%）、G9（12.2%）、G2（9.5%）、G3（3.4%）和 G10（2.7%）。很少检测到 G4（0.7%）株。在 P 型中，P[6]最为常见（40.5%），其次是 P[8]（29.1%）和 P[4]（14.2%）。值得注意的是，在 HP 首次检测到基因型 G3 和 P[11]。在 G/P 组合中，G12P[6]最为常见（30.4%），其次是 G1P[8]（20.3%）、G2P[4]（4.7%）、G1P[6]（3.4%）和 G3P[8]（2.7%）。有趣的是，我们的研究观察到了高比例的不常见菌株（14.2%），即 G9P[4]、G2P[6]、G2P[8]、G12P[4]和 G1P[11]。该地区常见的菌株 G3P[6]、G4P[6]、G9P[6]、G9P[8]、G10P[6]、G10P[8]和 G12P[8]株很少检测到。有趣的是，G1P[8]的 RNA 迁移模式与 DS-1 相似，并且在 G12P[4]菌株中观察到基因组异质性，既有长电脉型也有短电脉型。
本研究强调了丰富的遗传多样性，以及在 HP 中流行的罕见轮状病毒株的出现，并提供了在引入 Rotavac®疫苗之前的基线数据，这将有助于评估 Rotavac®疫苗在 HP 的影响。
