Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Str. 2, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Sep;103(17):6933-6948. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-10017-8. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Although internationally recognized as the "highest priority critically important antimicrobials," fluoroquinolones are extensively used in both human and veterinary medicine. Poor metabolism and recalcitrance of fluoroquinolones have led to their worldwide presence in municipal wastewaters as well as in manure and, consequently, in several environmental compartments. Being one of the most widely used fluoroquinolones in human medicine and, aside from that, the main metabolite of the veterinary drug enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin is the most frequently detected fluoroquinolone in effluents of European wastewater treatment plants. Due to serious global concerns about the increasing emergence of bacterial (multi)resistances toward the highly efficient fluoroquinolones, special attention has been paid to their environmental degradation by various microorganisms. This review summarizes research on microbial transformation and degradation of fluoroquinolones with special emphasis on ciprofloxacin, presents an overview of the main ciprofloxacin biotransformation products, and takes a closer look at their biological relevance. Furthermore, own data, experiences, and publications gathered from our recent research in the field are acknowledged.
尽管氟喹诺酮类药物被国际公认为“高度优先的至关重要的抗菌药物”，但它们在人类和兽医医学中都被广泛使用。氟喹诺酮类药物的代谢不良和顽固特性导致它们在城市废水中以及在粪便中广泛存在，因此也存在于多个环境介质中。环丙沙星是人类医学中使用最广泛的氟喹诺酮类药物之一，而且是兽医药物恩诺沙星的主要代谢物，它是欧洲废水处理厂废水中最常检测到的氟喹诺酮类药物。由于人们对高效氟喹诺酮类药物的细菌（多重）耐药性不断增加感到严重关切，因此特别关注各种微生物对其的环境降解。本综述总结了关于氟喹诺酮类药物微生物转化和降解的研究，特别强调了环丙沙星，并介绍了环丙沙星的主要生物转化产物概述，同时仔细研究了它们的生物学相关性。此外，还承认了我们在该领域最近研究中积累的自有数据、经验和出版物。
