Autoimmune Hepatitis and Pregnancy

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disorder usually characterized by circulating autoantibodies and elevated serum globulin levels. The pathology of the disease is that of a gradual hepatocellular inflammation that cannot be explained by more common etiologies of chronic liver disease, such as alcohol-related liver disease, viral hepatitis, hereditary liver disorders, or exposure to hepatotoxic substances. The natural history of AIH may progress from acute hepatitis to chronic liver disease and, ultimately, to cirrhosis. In the general population, it has a low incidence (1 per 100000). The pathology more commonly affects women and manifests at childbearing age, but it can occur at any age. Autoimmune disorders and having positive autoantibodies are risk factors for obstetric complications and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The data regarding pregnancy in women with AIH is limited, and few studies exist on pregnancy outcomes in these women. However, the number of pregnancies reported in these patients is becoming more frequent due to better clinical management and high-quality prenatal and antenatal care. Currently, pregnancy and childbirth in AIH appear to be safe for both mother and child. In this review article, we aim to report on the diagnosis and management of AIH during pregnancy.